欧阳虹 徐丽娟 赵增锋 邱小琮 孙旭杨 王世强 杨子超

摘要 [目的]探明星海湖水生態承载力状况及其变化趋势。[方法]于2015—2017年冬季（1月）、春季（4月）、夏季（7月）、秋季（10月）对星海湖水环境因子、生物因子进行采样测定，构建评价指标体系，采用层次分析法计算指标权重，建立星海湖水生态承载力评价模型。[结果]BOD5对星海湖水生态承载力影响最大。压力指数的季节性变化规律不显著，呈中压状态，冬季至春季压力指数在2015、2016年呈下降趋势，在春季取得最小值，2017年呈上升趋势，在春季取得最大值，属于较高压状态;夏季至秋季压力指数在2015年呈上升趋势，由中压状态转变为较高压状态，2016和2017年夏秋两季均为中压状态。承载指数季节性变化规律显著，在夏季取得最大值，冬季取得最小值，呈弱承载状态。水生态承载指数季节性变化规律不显著，呈弱可承载状态，2015—2017年分别在秋季、夏季、夏季取得最大值，且2015年秋季水生态承载指数为3年数据的峰值，属于基本可承载状态。[结论]星海湖水生态承载力整体呈弱可承载状态，BOD5是影响星海湖水生态承载力最重要的指标，应当及时采取治理措施以提高其水生态承载能力。

关键词 水生态承载力;水环境因子;生物因子;层次分析法;指标体系;星海湖

中图分类号 TV 213.4  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）15-0063-05

Abstract [Objective] To explore the water ecological carrying capacity of Xinghai Lake and its changing trend.[Method]In the winter （January）， spring （April）， summer （July）， and autumn （October） from 2015 to 2017， the water environmental factors and biological factors of Xinghai Lake were sampled and measured， and the evaluation index system was constructed，the evaluation index system was constructed， index weight was calculated by the method of analytic hierarchy process， and the evaluation model of water ecological carrying capacity was established.[Result] BOD5 had the greatest impact on the ecological carrying capacity of Xinghai Lake.The seasonal variation of pressure index was not significant， and it was in the state of medium pressure. From winter to spring， the pressure index showed a downward trend in 2015 and 2016， reached the minimum value in spring， rose in 2017， and reached the maximum value in spring， belonging to a relatively high pressure state. From summer to autumn， the pressure index showed an upward trend in 2015， changing from medium pressure to relatively high pressure. The summer and autumn of 2016 and 2017 were both in the medium pressure state.The seasonal variation of loadbearing index was significant， which reached the maximum value in summer and the minimum value in winter， showing a weak load bearing state.The seasonal variation law of water ecological carrying capacity index was not significant， showing a state of weak carrying capacity. From 2015 to 2017， the water ecological carrying capacity index reached its maximum value in autumn， summer and summer respectively， and the water ecological carrying capacity index in autumn of 2015 was the peak of three years data， which was a basically loadable state.[Conclusion]The ecological carrying capacity of Xinghai Lake is in the state of weak carrying capacity.BOD5 is the most important indicator affecting the aquatic carrying capacity of Xinghai Lake. Timely treatment measures should be taken to improve its water ecological carrying capacity.

Key words Water ecological carrying capacity;Water environmental factors;Biological factors;Analytic hierarchy process;Index system;Xinghai Lake

基金项目 宁夏高等学校一流学科建设（水利工程）资助项目（NXYLXK2017A03）。

作者简介 欧阳虹（1996—），女，江西南昌人，硕士研究生，研究方向：水资源与水环境调控。

*通信作者，教授，博士，博士生导师，从事水域生态学及水环境调控方面的教学与研究工作。……