冯志红 江楠 李晓丽 闫立英 王满霞

摘要 研究了深冬季节西葫芦播种时种子不同胚根长度对其出苗率以及幼苗生长的影响，共设6 个处理，分别是处理①未发芽（干种子未浸种）、处理②未发芽（只浸种未催芽）、处理③种子露白（胚根刚刚露出）、处理④胚根长度小于种子长度50%、处理⑤胚根长度介于种子长度50%和种子长度之间、处理⑥胚根长度大于种子长度。结果表明，催芽可以使西葫芦种子早出苗、早齐苗、出苗率高，促进幼苗生长，提高幼苗质量。播种时未出芽的西葫芦种子（处理①和处理②）其出苗和幼苗性状均较差，处理⑤与处理⑥西葫芦各性状指标好，差异不显著，明显好于处理③和处理④。但处理⑥的西葫芦种子播种时胚根过长，大于种子的长度，在播种时容易碰断，因此深冬季节播种时胚根长度介于种子长度50%和种子长度之间（处理⑤）是西葫芦种子播种时最适宜的胚根长度。

关键词 西葫芦种子;胚根长度;出苗情况;幼苗质量

中图分类号 S 642.6  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）15-0049-02

Abstract The effects of different radicle lengths of summer squash seeds on the emergence rate and seedling growth in severe winter were studied. A total of 6 treatments were set up as follows： treatment ① no germination （dry seeds without soaking）， treatment ② no germination （Only seed soaking without accelerating germination）， treatment ③ radicle protrusion through the seed coat （radicle just exposed）， treatment ④ radicle length seed length. The results showed that the accelerating germination could make the summer squash seeds emerge early， had a high seedling rate， promote the growth of seedlings， and improve the quality of seedlings. The seedling and seedling quality of summer squash seeds that did not sprout （treatment ① and treatment ②） were poor. While treatment ⑤ and treatment ⑥，the summer squash had good indexes of various traits， and the difference was not significant between treatment ⑤ and treatment ⑥， which was obviously better than treatment ③ and treatment ④. But the radicle of the summer squash seed of treatment ⑥ was too long when planting， which was longer than the length of the seed， and it was easy to break during planting. Therefore， the most suitable radicle length for seed planting of the radicle length was between half the seed length and the seed length in the severe winter season （treatment ⑤）.

Key words Summer squash seeds;Radicle length;Emergence;Seedling quality

基金項目 河北省园艺作物育种应用技术研究中心项目（182511）;河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜创新团队建设资助项目（HBCT2018030209）。

作者简介 冯志红（1970—），女，河北昌黎人，教授，硕士，从事蔬菜相关研究。

收稿日期 2020-09-07;修回日期 2020-10-09

在深冬季节进行西葫芦育苗，如果设施内没有加温设备，不能按照育苗期间西葫芦对温度的要求调控温度，生产中常会遭遇低温。而低温下种子萌发速度慢、出苗速度慢和出苗能力弱，从播种到出苗所需时间过长，胚根容易腐烂，最终导致出苗率低、幼苗质量差，在生产中造成严重损失[1-2]。……