陈歆 李玮 彭黎旭 李宁 范长华 陈淼

摘  要：為研究不同替代施肥对热区辣椒植株形态、产量及养分累积的影响，明确不同施肥模式的施用效果，2017—2019年在海南省儋州市中国热带农业科学院试验场第7队基地布置了田间试验。试验保持相同的田间施肥量，设置5个替代施肥处理：（1）100%肥效的复合肥（CK）;（2）50%肥效的复合肥+50%肥效的秸秆（T1）;（3）50%肥效的复合肥+50%肥效的蚯蚓粪（T2）;（4）50%肥效的复合肥+50%肥效的生物炭（T3）;（5）50%肥效的复合肥+50%肥效的羊粪（T4）。研究中，与CK相比，在植株形态上，T2处理能显著促进植物的茎高生长，T2和T3处理能有效增加辣椒植株分叉;在植株干物质累积上，植株的地上部分差异不显著，地下部分仅T2处理达显著性差异;在辣椒植株养分累积上，各处理下的植株N、P含量无显著差异，T1处理植株的K含量差异显著，T2处理植株的P含量显著高于T3、T4处理;在产量上，各处理间差异不显著。研究结果表明，在保持田间施用等量肥效下，与施用100%复合肥相比，50%肥效的复合肥+50%肥效的蚯蚓粪（T2）和50%肥效的复合肥+50%肥效的生物炭（T3）具有促进辣椒植株生长发育的潜力。但施用50%肥效的复合肥+50%肥效的蚯蚓粪还能够保持辣椒植株的P含量。因此，土壤缺磷地区采用蚯蚓粪和化肥配施模式更有利于保证辣椒产量，并减少化肥投入量。

关键词：替代施肥;辣椒;形态;产量;养分累积

中图分类号：S511      文献标识码：A

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on the Shape， Yield and Nutrient Accumulation of Capsicum annuum L.

CHEN Xin1，2，3， LI Wei1，2，3， PENG Lixu1，2，3， LI Ning1，2，3， FAN Changhua1，2，3， CHEN Miao1，2，3*

1. Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China; 2. National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment， Danzhou， Hainan 571737， China; 3. Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Danzhou， Hainan 571737， China

Abstract： In order to study the effects of different alternative fertilization on plant morphology， yield and nutrient accumulation of Capsicum annuum L.， and to clarify the application effects of different fertilization modes， field experiments were conducted. Five alternative fertilization treatments were set up： （1） 100% fertilizer efficiency compound fertilizer （CK）; （2） 50% fertilizer efficiency compound fertilizer + 50% fertilizer efficiency straw （T1）; （3） 50% fertilizer efficiency compound fertilizer + 50% fertilizer efficiency earthworm manure （T2）; （4） 50% fertilizer efficiency compound fertilizer + 50% fertilizer efficiency biochar （T3）; （5） 50% fertilizer efficiency compound fertilizer + 50% fertilizer efficiency sheep manure （T4）. Compared with CK， T2 could significantly promote the growth of plant stem height， T2 and T3 could effectively increase plant branching. There was no significant difference in dry matter accumulation in the aboveground part of plants， while T2 was the most significant in underground part. There was no significant difference in N and P content of plants under different treatments， and the K content of T1 was significantly lower. Further comparison showed that the P content of T2 was significantly higher than that of T3 and T4. There was no significant difference among treatments in yield. The results showed that 50% compound fertilizer + 50% vermicompost （T2） and 50% compound fertilizer + 50% biochar （T3） had the potential to promote the growth and development of pepper plants under the same fertilizer effect in the field. However， the application of 50% compound fertilizer and 50% earthworm manure could maintain the P content of pepper plants. So we think that the application of earthworm manure combined with chemical fertilizer in soil phosphorus deficient areas was more conducive to ensure the yield of pepper and reduce the input of the chemical fertilizer.

Keywords： alternative fertilization; capsicum; form; yield; nutrient accumulation

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.07.024

辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）是一种茄科辣椒属植物，富含维生素C，在我国常年种植面积稳定在130万hm2以上，产值和效益仅次于大白菜[1]。2018年海南省的辣椒种植面积占海南冬季瓜菜生产总面积的15.33%，产量占冬季瓜菜总产量的16.06%[2]，是海南省主要的冬季瓜菜品种之一。……