双足自主寻迹行走机器人设计
2021-08-26周书兴王星海
周书兴 王星海



摘 要:双足行走机器人具有12个自由度,包括10个扭矩1.5 N·m的总线舵机和2个扭矩0.15 N·m的普通PWN(脉冲宽度调制)小舵机,10个总线舵机构成机器人的腿部,2个小舵机构成腰部和头部。总线舵机之间用硬铝金属U形件和多功能连接件,用防松螺丝套件连接。脚底由透明亚克力板构成,底部粘接带颗粒软橡胶皮,提高机器人与地面之间的摩擦来防滑。本设计采用STM32f103RCT6单片机作为双足行走机器人的控制核心,通过嵌入式程序开发,使用线性CCD(电荷耦合器件)让机器人自主寻线,并采用STC8A8K单片机对线性CCD进行控制,在OLED显示屏上显示CCD采集的电压值,从而实现对机器人行走路径的精准控制。
关键词:STM32F103RCT6;线性CCD;STC8A8K;仿人机器人
中图分类号:TP242 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2021)09-0069-03
Abstract: The biped robot has 12 degrees of freedom, including 10 bus servos with a torque of 1.5 N·m and 2 ordinary pwm (Pulse Width Modulation) small servos with a torque of 0.15 N·m, and 10 bus servos form the legs of the robot, and 2 small servos form the waist and head. Duralumin metal U-shaped pieces and multi-function connectors are used between the bus servos, and they are connected with anti-loosening screw kits. The sole of the foot is composed of a transparent acrylic plate, and the bottom is glued with a granular soft rubber skin to improve the friction between the robot and the ground to prevent slippage. This design uses the stm32f103rct6 microcontroller as the control core of the biped walking robot, through embedded program development, linear CCD (Charge Coupled Device) is used to allow the robot to find the line autonomously, and the STC8a8k microcontroller is used to control the linear CCD, and the voltage value collected by the CCD is displayed on the OLED display screen, thereby realizing the accuracy of the robot's walking path control.
Keywords: stm32f103rct6;linear CCD;stc8a8k;humanoid robot
當前,双足行走步态规划、步法交换稳定控制和行走轨迹识别等是双足自主寻迹行走机器人研究的焦点,而仿人机器人控制系统设计的合理性将直接决定机器人本体最终的行走表现。同时,仿人行走机器人的运动机械结构设计合理,会降低运动控制的难度。仿人行走机器人的行走运动要求实现多关节的协同控制,确保重心稳定,这对仿人双足行走机器人的硬件尺寸和关节质量都有一定的限制性要求。
1 系统整体设计
双足自主寻迹行走机器人主要由机械结构和控制系统两部分组成。机械结构是机器人的整体骨架,本研究设计并制作了指定自主行走、寻迹、前进、后退、转弯等动作的双足自主寻迹行走机器人,根据预先设计的动作功能,绘制三维结构模型,然后进行结构分析、力学计算、运动仿真和加工装配工艺优化,确保在程序控制下实现其功能[1]。……
