陈雪晴 柳贵东

摘 要：《全国供用电规则》规定，功率因数不达标的用戶会被罚款。为了降低无功损耗，一般在供电系统中并联电容柜来提供无功补偿。目前，电容柜还存在温度控制不好而导致电容器出现鼓肚和渗液的现象。电容柜不能立即切断电容，导致过补偿。其没有三相指示灯，不能监视三相熔断器是否损坏。因此，本文设计了MNS型电容补偿柜。这种电容补偿柜是MNS系列开关柜的一种。电抗器串联电容来消除谐波，电容垂直摆放于通风支架上，防止电容因散热不足而发生故障。系统通过自动功率因数控制器进行实时监测，由接触器控制电容进行无功补偿，防止向电网倒置无功，并通过三相指示灯的亮度监视熔断器是否损坏。经过质量检测，补偿柜的各项指标都符合技术要求。

关键词：功率因数;无功补偿;开关柜;电容器

中图分类号：TM561 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5168（2021）09-0037-04

Abstract： The "National Electricity Supply and Utilization Regulations" stipulate that users whose power factor does not meet the standard will be fined. In order to reduce reactive power loss， capacitor cabinets are generally connected in parallel in the power supply system to provide reactive power compensation. At present， the capacitor cabinet still has the phenomenon of poor temperature control， which leads to bulging and liquid leakage of the capacitor. The capacitor cabinet cannot immediately cut off the capacitor， resulting in over-compensation. It does not have a three-phase indicator light and cannot monitor whether the three-phase fuse is damaged. Therefore， the MNS type capacitor compensation cabinet was designed in this paper. This capacitor compensation cabinet is a kind of MNS series switch cabinet. The reactor is connected in series with capacitors to eliminate harmonics， and the capacitors are placed vertically on the ventilation bracket to prevent the capacitor from malfunctioning due to insufficient heat dissipation. The system conducts real-time monitoring through the automatic power factor controller， the contactor controls the capacitor for reactive power compensation to prevent inversion of reactive power to the grid， and monitors whether the fuse is damaged through the brightness of the three-phase indicator light. After quality inspection， all indicators of the compensation cabinet meet the technical requirements.

Keywords： power factor;reactive power compensation;switch cabinet;capacitor

本设计采用并联电容的三相共补方式进行无功补偿，由刀熔开关、控制器、接触器、电抗器、电容器、避雷器和散热回路等组成，与进线柜并联安装来提高功率因数，对电网的稳定运行起着举足轻重的作用[1-3]。但是，市场上的电容补偿柜还是存在一些缺点。例如，电容器没有正确摆放，温度控制不好，导致电容器陆续出现鼓肚和渗液现象，部分电容器被迫停用;电容柜不能立即切断电容，导致过度补偿;电容柜没有放电指示灯，不能监视电容器电源侧的三相熔断器是否损坏[1]。

本设计利用滤波电抗串联电容来消除谐波，将电容器垂直摆放于通风支架上，防止电容因散热不足而发生事故。……