强盛 郭嫣 陶梦 黄敬

摘 要：针对原莲纤维制备工艺脱胶时间长、处理工序复杂的缺点，以农业生产废弃的莲杆为实验原料，采用碱氧一浴法工艺制备莲纤维。通过分析NaOH质量浓度、H2O2质量浓度、煮练温度及时间对莲纤维性能的影响，采用纤维长度、断裂强度和纤度等指标，得出优化的脱胶工艺条件为：NaOH质量浓度15 g/L，H2O2质量浓度15 g/L，煮练温度90 ℃，煮练时间1.5 h。在此工艺条件下，制得的莲纤维长度127.8 mm，纤度50.3 dtex，断裂强度1.45 cN/dtex，断裂伸长率6.81%。纤维总体性能指标有所改善，同时缩短了脱胶工艺时间，提高了纤维的制备效率。

关键词：莲纤维;脱胶;碱氧一浴;性能

中图分类号：TS101.8  文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）03-0030-05

Abstract： In view of the shortcomings of the original lotus fiber preparation process such as long degumming time and complicated processing procedures， the waste lotus stems from agricultural production were used as experimental raw materials， and the alkaline oxygen one-bath process was applied to prepare lotus fiber in this study. Through analyzing the effects of mass concentrations of NaOH and H2O2， boiling temperature and time on lotus fiber properties such as fiber length， breaking strength and splitting degree， the optimized degumming process conditions were obtained as below： mass concentration of NaOH 15 g/L， mass concentration of H2O2 15 g/L， boiling temperature 90 ℃ and boiling time 1.5 h. Under the best process conditions， the length of the lotus fiber obtained was 127.8 mm， the splitting degree was 50.3 dtex， the breaking strength was 1.45 cN/dtex， and the elongation at break was 6.81%. The overall performance index of the fiber was improved. At the same time， the degumming process time was shortened and the fiber preparation efficiency was improved.

Key words： lotus fiber; degumming; alkaline oxygen one-bath; performance

近年來，一些新型的天然纤维素类纤维以其独特的性能及环保可降解的特点陆续被开发出来，如罗布麻、香蕉、棉杆皮、椰壳、竹原等纤维[1-2]。莲纤维大多来源于农业废弃的莲杆，其织物表现有吸湿、透气、挺括、抗皱等特点，而且由于天然纤维的易降解和保健功能符合人们逐渐追求自然、环保、健康的特点，倍受人们的追捧[3-4]。

目前，莲纤维的开发还停留在初级阶段，现有的化学法制备莲纤维也处于实验室研究阶段，制备工艺存在脱胶时间长，耗能大，污染大的缺点[5-6]。王建刚等[7]对莲纤维进行脱胶处理，得到纤度为54.3 dtex，断裂强度1.47 cN/dtex，断裂伸长率5.83%的莲纤维，但脱胶时间达到了3 h。张宏伟等[8]对莲纤维碱煮，得到纤度为55.8 dtex，断裂强度1.76 cN/dtex，断裂伸长率7.84%的莲纤维，脱胶时间也达到了3 h。碱氧一浴法将传统的煮练、漂白工序合并在一起，缩短了纤维的处理时间，简化了处理工序，是一种新型处理方法[9-10]。……