刘晓云 吉婉丽 王晓芳 张奇鹏 钟少锋

摘 要：为了研究开发磷系阻燃剂苯基磷酰氨酸二苯基酯（DPAP）在涤纶织物的应用途径，采用高温高压法制备阻燃涤纶织物，通过元素分析（EDS）、垂直燃烧法、极限氧指数（LOI值）、热重分析（TG）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）探究阻燃涤纶织物的阻燃性能和热稳定性。结果表明：DPAP质量分数为10%时，处理织物损毁长度从大于30.0 cm降至13.5 cm，续燃时间从14.5 s降至0 s，极限氧指数从20.2%增加到28.0%，DPAP赋予涤纶织物良好的阻燃性能。TG和DSC结果显示，DPAP降低了涤纶织物的热稳定性，延缓了织物燃烧，这主要是因为DPAP分子结构中存在热稳定性差的P-O-C键。

关键词：阻燃整理;苯基磷酰氨酸二苯基酯;涤纶织物;高温高压法;阻燃性能

中图分类号：TQ314.24  文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）03-0089-06

Abstract： To research and develop the application approaches of phosphorus-based flame retardant named diphenyl anilinophosphonate （DPAP） in the polyester fabrics， flame retardant polyester fabrics were prepared by high temperature and high pressure method. The flame retardant property and heat stability of flame retardant polyester fabrics were explored by energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）， vertical combustion method， limiting oxygen index （LOI）， thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The results showed that DPAP gave polyester fabric good flame retardant property under the following conditions： DPAP content was 10% o.w.f; the damaged length of the treated fabric declined to 13.6 cm from over 30.0 cm; the afterflame time was reduced from 14.5 s to 0 s， and the LOI value increased to 28.0% from 20.2%. The results of TGa and DSC revealed that DPAP lowered heat stability of polyester fabric and delayed fabric burning， mainly because P-O-C bond with poor heat stability exists in the molecular structure of DPAP.

Key words：flame retardant finishing; diphenyl anilinophosphonate; polyester fabrics; high temperature and high pressure method; flame retardant property

涤纶具有强度高、弹性好、耐磨、耐化学腐蚀等优异的物理化学性能，在室内装饰以及飞机、高铁、汽车等交通工具中应用广泛，但涤纶属于可燃纤维，其极限氧指数（LOI，Limiting oxygen index）为20%～22%，潜在火灾隐患突出。涤纶织物阻燃整理常采用涂覆或浸轧方式，阻燃剂是被黏合剂形成的膜机械地固着在织物上，故制成的阻燃整理织物存在手感差、阻燃耐久性不佳等问题。目前阻燃剂采用高温高压法处理到涤纶上也偶有见报道，这种方式阻燃效果好，耐洗性好，且可以跟染料同浴处理，更有利于节能减排[1-3]。

传统涤纶阻燃采用含卤阻燃剂，但其在燃烧过程中会产生有毒气体和腐蚀性气体，已先后被禁用[4-5]。含磷、含硅、含氮等無卤阻燃剂被越来越多的学者关注研究[6-10]。……