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铝合金汽车轻量化与焊接技术探究

2021-08-21汤蓉蓉唐学帮

机电工程技术 2021年12期

汤蓉蓉 唐学帮

摘要:汽车轻量化能够有效降低汽车生产与维护中的能源消耗,当前国内外汽车制造产业中,常常通过大量应用高强度铝合金材料来实现汽车轻量化设计,与此对应的铝合金焊接技术上也应进一步发展与革新,成为汽车轻量化发展的重要技术推动力。因此,阐述汽车轻量化与铝合金焊接技术的材料特性和应用,探索相应的先进焊接技术,是实现汽车轻量化与铝合金焊接技术协调发展的有效途径。

关键词:汽车轻量化;焊接技术;铝合金

中图分类号:TG445             文献标志码:A        文章编号:1009-9492(2021)12-0105-03

Research on Aluminum Alloy Automobile Lightweight and Welding Technology

Tang Rongrong ,Tang Xuebang

(Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541000, China)

Abstract: Automobile lightweight can effectively reduce the energy consumption in automobile production and maintenance. The main means is to apply high strength aluminum alloy and achieve technical innovation and breakthrough in its welding process. In the automobile manufacturing industry, a large number of high-strength aluminum alloy materials are often used to realize automobile lightweight design. The corresponding aluminum alloy welding technology should also be further developed and innovated, and become an important technical driving force for the development of automobile lightweight. Therefore, the material characteristics and application of automobile lightweight and aluminum alloy welding technology were described, and the corresponding advanced welding technology was explored, which is an effective way to realize the coordinated development of automobile lightweight and aluminum alloy welding technology.

Key words: lightweight car; welding technology; aluminium alloy

0 引言

汽車轻量化有利于减少整车重量,提高燃油效率与有害气体排放量,在当前我国经济生产节能降耗、减少石油燃料依赖度有很大贡献。除此之外,我国正在推进新能源汽车的发展与普及,与传统燃油汽车相比,新能源汽车的动力系统自重量比燃油及发动机更大,整车质量更高,因此汽车轻量化的需求也进一步迫切。汽车轻量化的基本思路是提高整车强度、性能的同时对汽车进行整体减重,以充分利用燃料使用效率的同时减少有害气体排放量,根据比较显示,铝合金结构的车身设计比传统钢结构车身设计整重节约30%~40%,发动机重量减少30%左右,汽车轮毂减少50%左右,经济效益不彰自显,这就要求广泛采用自重更轻的铝合金材料、零部件,进一步降低整车重量与能源消耗、提升铝合金材料在汽车轻量化设计中的实际贡献,将铝合金材料对汽车节能减排、提高性能方面的轻量化贡献凸显出来。……

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