徐鑫 韩俊文 赵静逸 梁军生

摘要：为了实现电连接器保持力的快速检测，使用合适的夹具对电连接器进行快速可靠的装夹是十分关键的一步。航空企业普遍使用的圆形电连接器又叫航空插头，符合美军标的要求，这种标准的连接器壳体形状随型号的不同也不尽相同，但都具有圆柱面以及台阶面这些共同特征。设计了一种适用于圆形电连接器的自动定心夹具，使用其圆柱面和台阶面进行定位，通过3个均布在圆周方向的夹爪完成夹紧和松开动作，能够实现对不同型号电连接器的自定心夹持。这种夹具利用蜗轮蜗杆传动机构带动旋转件发生相对转动，旋转件的转动带动活动销沿斜弧形槽滑动，从而带动与之连接的夹爪沿引导槽作径向移动夹紧。根据蜗轮蜗杆传动系统的自锁性对夹具的尺寸参数进行了确定，提高了夹持的可靠性。

关键词：电连接器;自动定心;夹具

中图分类号：TG75                文献标志码：A         文章编号：1009-9492（2021）12-0058-03

A Kind of Self-centering Fixture for Circular Electrical Connectors

Xu Xin1，Han Junwen1，Zhao Jingyi1，Liang Junsheng1，2※

（1. Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System， Liaoning Province， Dalian University of Technology， Dalian， Liaoning 116024，China;2. Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education， Dalian University of Technology，Dalian， Liaoning 116024， China）

Abstract： In order to achieve rapid detection of the retention force of the electrical connector， it is a very critical step to use a suitable clamp to clamp the electrical connector fast and reliably. The circular electrical connector commonly used by aviation companies is also called aviation plug， which meets the requirements of the US military standard. The shape of the shell of this standard connector varies with the model， but they all have the common characteristics of a cylindrical surface and a stepped surface. The self-centering fixture designed for circular electrical connectors used its cylindrical surface and stepped surface for positioning. Three clamping jaws evenly distributed in the circumferential direction complete the clamping and unclamping actions， which could realize different types of self-centering clamping of electrical connectors. The clamp utilized a worm and worm gear mechanism to drive the rotating part to rotate relative to each other， and the rotation of the rotating part drived the movable pin to slide along the oblique arc groove， thereby driving the clamping jaw connected with it to move and clamp in the radial direction along the guide groove. According to the self-locking property of the worm gearing， the size parameters of the clamp are determined， which improves the reliability of the clamping.

Key words： electrical connector; self-centering; fixture

0 引言

電连接器作为一种快速便捷的线缆连接器件，广泛应用于航空、航天、电力、轨道交通等各个领域。电连接器按其形状可以分为圆形电连接器和矩形电连接器，本文涉及的圆形电连接器又叫航空插头，是航天工程中不可或缺的互联器件，例如，一架大型运输机电缆总长度可以达到250 km ，一次配套的电连接器多达4500多件[1]。电连接器内的接触件是实现电连接功能的核心元件，其连接状态对保障关键装备的信号连通质量具有决定性作用[2-4]。……