陈霁恒 朱丹宸 谭经松

摘要：复杂传递路径的存在会降低滚动轴承故障信号采集的准确性和有效性。针對此问题，建立了包含局部缺陷滚动轴承、弹性支撑、油膜减振器和多层螺栓法兰连接的动力学仿真模型，研究了滚动轴承故障信号在复杂路径中的传递特点。采用滚动轴承故障模拟平台进行滚动轴承外圈故障实验，对比动力学仿真数值计算和实验分析的结果，验证了仿真结果的准确性。借助典型的特征参数值，对比了不同测点处信号的特点，并重点分析了油膜减振器的影响。研究结果表明，复杂传递路径会导致故障信号在传递过程中产生较大的衰减，油膜减振器的存在会进一步加剧信号的衰减，不利于滚动轴承故障信号的有效传递。

关键词：复杂传递路径;滚动轴承;油膜减振器;动力学建模

中图分类号：TH133.3             文献标志码：A        文章编号：1009-9492（2021）12-0083-07

Research on Fault Signal of Rolling Element Bearing Influenced by Complex Transmission Path

Chen Jiheng ，Zhu Danchen ，Tan Jingsong

（Naval Petty Officer Academy， Bengbu， Anhui 233012， China）

Abstract： The influence of complex transmission path will reduce the effectiveness and accuracy of the fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing. In view of this problem， the dynamic simulation model was established with the defective bearing， the oil film damper， the elastic support and the bolt flange connection structure， and the transmission characteristics of fault signals of rolling element bearing in complex transmission paths were studied. The fault simulation experiment of rolling element bearing with outer race defect was carried out by using the fault simulation platform， the accuracy of the simulation results was verified by comparing with the results of experimental analysis. With the help of typical characteristic parameters， the characteristics of signals at different measuring points were compared， and the influence of oil film damper was analyzed emphatically. The results show that the complex transmission path will lead to greater attenuation of the fault signal and the existence of oil film damper will further aggravate the attenuation of fault signal， which are not conducive to the effective transmission of the fault signal.

Key words： complex transmission path; rolling element bearing; oil film damper; dynamic modeling

0 引言

滚动轴承作为旋转机械的核心零部件，在各行业中都得到了广泛运用。由于实际设备结构较为复杂，滚动轴承一般位于设备内部，同时受到测试条件的制约，用于监测滚动轴承运行状态的信号大多只能从设备外侧的壳体上获取，导致轴承故障信号在向外传递的过程中需经过复杂的传递路径，对故障信号的有效传递产生较大影响，因此，研究故障冲击信号在复杂传递路径中的传递特点对提高轴承故障诊断的准确性有着很强的现实意义。

综合国内外对于复杂传递路径动力学特性的研究能够看出，分析过程基本是将仿真建模分析和实验测试研究相结合，仿真研究主要包括数学模型仿真研究、有限元模型仿真研究。……