石海莹 陈周 吕宇波

摘要：为保护亚龙湾砂质海岸及其生态系统 ， 文章采用2016年和2019年的监测数据以及2008年的历史数据 ，依据相关技术标准和方法 ，从岸线后退速率和岸滩下蚀速率2个方面综合评价亚龙湾砂质海岸的侵蚀状况和侵蚀强度 ， 并分析其原因。研究结果表明：亚龙湾砂质海岸存在持续性较强且较严重的海岸侵蚀;2008-2016年岸线后退速率和年均土地损失面积分别约为-1.00m/a和2080m2 ，2016-2019年岸线后退速率和年均土地损失面积分别约为-1.80 m/a 和9836 m2 ， 亚龙湾海岸侵蚀有明显加剧的趋势;2016-2019年亚龙湾东部和西部海岸的岸滩下蚀速率分别约为-13.3 cm/a和-36.2 cm/a， 西部岸滩下蚀速率远高于东部岸滩;亚龙湾全段为强侵蚀等级 ， 其中东部岸段为强侵蚀等级 ， 西部岸段为严重侵蚀等级;造成亚龙湾海岸侵蚀的原因主要包括海岸工程建设、植被破坏和海平面上升。

关键词：砂质海岸;海岸侵蚀;侵蚀强度;岸线后退;岸滩下蚀

中图分类号：P737.17      文献标志码：A       文章编号：1005-9857（2021）12-0080-05

Monitoring and Evaluation of Coastal Erosion ofSandy Beach in Yalong Bay

SHI Haiying，CHEN Zhou，LYU Yubo

（Ocean Monitoring and Forecasting Center of Hainan Province，Haikou 570206，China）

Abstract：According to related technical standards and methods， in order to protect sandy beach ofYalong Bay and its ecosystem， monitoring data in 2016 and 2019 as well as historical data in 2008were adopted to comprehensively evaluate sandy coastal erosion and erosion intensity by coastlineretreat rate and coast erosion rate，and its causes were analyzed. The results showed that thesandy beach of Yalong Bay had suffered a long-term serious coastal erosion. During 2008 to 2016，coastline retreat rate was –1.00 m/a and average annual loss of land area was 2 080 m2. During2016 to 2019， coastline retreat rate and average annual loss of land area were –1.80 m/a and9 836 m2 respectively. Research data showed that there was an increasing tendency of coastal erosion in Yalong Bay. Besides， the rate of intertidal topology down-cutting of eastern coast was-13.3 cm/a， and that of western coast was -36.2 cm/a. The results showed that the west coastof Yalong Bay suffered more severer erosion. With respect to the coastal erosion intensity， thewhole section of Yalong Bay experienced serious erosion， more specifically， the east coast experiences serious， while the west coast mild. Coastal engineering construction， vegetation deterioration and sea level rise were the main causes for coastal erosion in Yalong Bay.

Keywords：Sandy beach，Coastal erosion，Erosion intensity，Coastline recession，Intertidal topologydown-cutting

0 引言

自20世紀50年代末期以来 ，我国约70%的砂质海岸和大部分粉砂淤泥质海岸遭受侵蚀[1] ，侵蚀岸线长度超过全国海岸线总长度的33%。持续的全球气候变暖使得极地冰盖融化、海平面缓慢上升、海岸线后退、近岸海洋动力增强和风暴潮发生次数增加 ，导致海岸侵蚀进一步加剧[2]。海南岛的海岸侵蚀现象非常普遍 ，早在20世纪90年代海南省就有约79%的海岸线受到侵蚀[3]。相对于其他海岸类型 ，砂质海岸最不稳定 ， 极易遭受侵蚀而后退 ， 而海南岛砂质岸线约占海岸线总长度的43%[4]。……