王宝广 邵泽龙 姬学俊 侯志勇 冉昆

摘 要：在山楂园行间连续种植4年毛苕子和黑麦草，研究生草对山楂园土壤养分、酶活性及微生物的影响，以期为生草栽培在山楂园土壤管理当中的应用提供参考。结果表明：山楂园行间种植毛苕子和黑麦草显著提高0～20 cm、20～40 cm土层土壤有机质，与清耕相比分别提高37.7%、33.2%和29.7%、27.7%，但对40～60 cm土层的有机质含量没有显著影响。行间种植毛苕子和黑麦草显著提高各个土层的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量以及0～20 cm、20～40 cm土层的蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性。此外，行间生草显著增加了山楂园各个土层的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量。本研究表明，行间种植毛苕子和黑麦草可提高山楂园土壤养分含量、增加土壤酶活性，改善土壤微生物，提高土壤综合肥力。综合而言，毛苕子较黑麦草更适宜在山楂园中推广。

关键词：山楂园;行间生草;土壤养分;土壤酶活性;土壤微生物

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）04-0021-04  中图分类号：S661.5  文献标识码：A

Effects of Interrow Grass on Soil Nutrients，Enzyme Activities and Microorganisms in Hawthorn Orchard

WANG Baoguang1，SHAO Zelong2，JI Xuejun2，HOU Zhiyong2，RAN Kun3

（1.Fruit and Tea Service Center of Fei County， Fei County 273400， China;

2.Administrative Examination and Approval Service Bureau of Fei County， Fei County 273400， China;

3. Shandong Institute of Pomology， Taian 271000， China）

Abstract：In this experiment， the leguminous vetch and the gramineous ryegrass were continuously grown between rows （4 years） to explore the effects of growing grass on soil nutrients， enzyme activities and microorganisms in hawthorn orchards. The results showed that planting vetch and ryegrass between rows in the hawthorn orchard significantly increased the soil organic matter in soil layers from 0 cm to20 cm and from 20 cm to 40 cm， and increased 37.7%， 33.2% and 29.7%， 27.7%， respectively， compared with clear tillage， but the organic matter content of soil layer from 40 cm to 60 cm has no significant effect. Planting vetch and ryegrass between rows significantly increased the content of available nitrogen， available phosphorus， and available potassium in each soil layer， and the activities of invertase， phosphatase and urease in the soil layers from 0 cm to 20 cm and 20cm to 40 cm. In addition， growing grass between rows significantly increased the number of soil bacteria， fungi and actinomycetes in each soil layer of the hawthorn orchard. This study showed that planting vetch and ryegrass between rows could increase soil nutrient content in hawthorn orchard， increase soil enzyme activity， improve soil microbes， and improve soil comprehensive fertility. Comprehensive comparison， vetch is more suitable for promotion in hawthorn orchard than ryegrass.

Keywords：hawthorn orchard; interrow grass; soil nutrient; enzyme activity; soil microorganism

山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge），別名红果、山里红等，蔷薇科山楂属落叶乔木。山楂果实可鲜食或进一步加工成罐头、饮品，干制后还可入药，是中国特有的药食同源树种。费县是山楂的原产地之一，素有“费县山楂佳天下，天下山楂佳费县”的赞语，山楂栽培面积近0.67万hm2，但由于立地条件普遍较差，土壤有机质含量低，导致果实品质较差。因此对山楂园土壤进行科学管理，提高土壤有机质含量，是山楂丰产优质的重要前提，也是山楂产业可持续发展的基础。

生草栽培是果树行间或全园种植1年生或多年生草本植物的土壤管理方式，主要包括自然生草和人工生草两种方式。……