张鑫玲 马明波 周文龙

摘要： 以普通白色家蚕的雌雄蚕茧为材料进行对比分析，文章研究了雄蚕茧的茧质特点;应用扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外光谱及X射线衍射研究了雄蚕丝纤维的形态结构与二级结构、结构对其力学性能的影响与雄蚕丝纤维在三种不同类型活性染料下的染色性能。实验结果显示：雄蚕茧的茧幅、含胶率及茧丝纤度较小，晶格条纹较清晰;雄蚕丝纤维的β折叠含量较高，干态下的断裂强度比雌蚕丝纤维高约6.87%，初始模量高约6.24%，断裂伸长率低约583%;雌蚕丝纤维在活性染料下的上染率及染色后的表观深度较小。结果表明雄蚕丝纤维的利用能进一步提升生丝品质。

关键词： 雌雄蚕丝纤维;茧质分析;纤维结构;力学性能;染色性能

中图分类号： TS102.33

文献标志码： A

文章编号： 10017003（2021）07001406

引用页码： 071103

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.07.003（篇序）

Study on the structure and properties of male silk fibers

ZHANG Xinling， MA Mingbo， ZHOU Wenlong

（College of Textile Science and Engineering（International Silk Institute）， Zhejiang Sci-Tech University， Hangzhou 310018， China）

Abstract： Using female and male cocoons of common white silkworm as material for a comparative analysis， the paper has analyzed the characteristics of cocoon quality of male silkworm cocoons were analyzed. Through SEM， TEM， FTIR and XRD， the morphology and secondary structure of male silk fibers， the impact of the structure on its mechanical properties and the dyeing properties of male silk fibers with three different types of reactive dyes have been studied. The results have shown that male cocoons have smaller cocoon length， less sericin content， finer fineness and clearer lattice fringes. Male silk fibers have higher content of β sheet. Under dry condition， the breaking strength of male silk fibers is about 6.87% higher than that of female silk fibers， the initial modulus is about 6.24% higher， and the breaking elongation is about 5.83% lower. The dyeing rate and apparent depth of female silk fibers under reactive dyes were smaller. The results have shown that the utilization of male silk fibers could further improve the quality of raw silk.

Key words： female and male silk fibers; cocoon qualitative analysis; fiber structure; mechanical property; dyeing property

雄蚕的抵抗力强，体质较强健，在四龄、五龄的生长速度较快，食桑量小于雌蚕，这些特性在一定程度上有利于提高茧丝绸行业的经济效益。与雌雄蚕茧混合缫制的普通蠶丝纤维相比，利用雄蚕茧缫制的纯雄蚕丝纤维净度优、抱合力好、生丝等级也较高，能够缫制高品位生丝，从而提高蚕丝织物及其制品的品质[1-2]。相关研究者已成功培育出雄蚕的限性斑纹、限性卵色、限性茧色及荧光茧色判性品种，除此之外利用性连锁平衡致死系统、温敏致死系统也为家蚕的性别控制提供了新途径[3]。

目前关于雄蚕丝纤维结构与性能的报道仍不多，东华大学的陈玉梅等[4]发现，与雄蚕生丝相比，脱胶后的雄蚕丝纤维