2020-2021年南宁番石榴寒害情况调查及适应性分析
2021-08-12宁琳陈豪军何江莫干辉潘祖建
宁琳 陈豪军 何江 莫干辉 潘祖建



摘 要:研究冬季持续低温对番石榴种植的影响,为南宁及其周边地区番石榴种植提供科学化的越冬种植方案。2020年12月至2021年1月,广西南宁市出现了最低气温低于10℃的持续低温天气,持续时间为28天。1月甚至出现了最低气温低于5℃的极端低温天气,持续时间为5天。本研究对农业农村部南宁番石榴种质资源圃内保存的26份番石榴种质资源进行了寒害情况调查,结果显示,大部分种质资源都出现了不同程度的寒害损伤,其中,有8份种质资源出现了叶片受害面积大于60%的情况,有10份种质资源新抽梢芽与嫩叶出现褐斑、抽缩、生长缓慢等迹象。基于此调查结果,提出加强肥水管理、保温防寒措施等越冬种植方案。
关键词:番石榴 寒害调查 适应性分析 越冬种植
中图分类号:S667.9 文献标识码:B
Investigation into Chilling Injury of Guava in Nanning from 2020 to 2021 and Countermeasures Analysis
NING Lin, CHEN Haojun*, HE Jiang, MO Ganhui, PAN Zujian
(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530001, China)
Abstract: The effect of sustained low temperature in winter on guava was studied to provide scientific plan for guava planting in Nanning and its surrounding areas. From December 2020 to January 2021, the cold weather with the lowest temperature below 10℃ lasted for 28 days in Nanning, Guangxi. In January, the lowest temperature was below 5℃, prolonging for 5 days. In this study, cold damages to 26 guava germplasms in Nanning guava germplasms nursery were investigated. The results showed that most of the germplasms had suffered varying degrees of cold damage. Among them, 8 germplasms had more than 60% of leaf damaged areas, and 10 germplasms had the signs of brown spot, shrinkage and slow growth in new shoots and leaves. Based on the investigation results, put forward the overwintering planting plan such as strengthening management of fertilizer and water, measures of heat preservation and cold protection.
Key words:Guava;chilling injury investigation; countermeasures; overwintering planting
番石榴(Psidium guajava L.)為桃金娘科番石榴属的常绿灌木或小乔木,原产于美洲秘鲁至墨西哥一带,非常适于热带及亚热带地区种植,传入我国至今已有300多年的历史[1]。近年来,随着品种的更新与栽培技术的不断发展,番石榴以其特殊的口感与丰富的营养越来越受到消费者的青睐,现今已演变成为我国南亚热带地区重要的果树品种之一。
农业农村部南宁番石榴种质资源圃位于广西南宁市,地处北回归线南侧,属亚热带季风气候。据南宁市气象站观测,2020年12月13-21日和29~31日出现两次寒潮天气过程,平均气温较常年同期相比偏低0.4~3.6℃[2]。2021年1月上旬初、上旬中后期受强冷空气影响,出现了强降温天气过程,极端低温低至3℃ [3]。……
