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9种杀菌剂对番茄灰霉病的田间防治效果

2021-08-12贤小勇林珊宇邓晓连朱桂宁韦小妹梁莲华

农业研究与应用 2021年2期

贤小勇 林珊宇 邓晓连 朱桂宁 韦小妹 梁莲华

摘 要:通过田间药效试验的方法,评价9种常用杀菌剂对番茄灰霉病的防治效果,根据结果筛选出防治番茄灰霉病的有效药剂。结果表明,按推荐剂量施药3次,400 g/L嘧霉胺悬浮剂,250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂和50%腐霉利可湿性粉剂的防效分别为86.4%、82.3%和80.5%,高于其他供试药剂的防治效果。因此在生产上推荐轮换使用上述3种防效较高的杀菌剂,在灰霉病发生前期或初期开始喷药,每7~14 d施药1次。

关键词:番茄 灰霉病 药剂筛选 防治效果

中图分类号:S436.412.1            文献标识码:A

Field Efficacy of Nine Fungicides against Tomato

Botrytis cinerea

XIAN Xiaoyong,LIN Shanyu*,DENG Xiaolian,ZHU Guining,

WEI Xiaomei,LIANG Lianhua

(Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Guangxi Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Diseases and Pests,Nanning, Guangxi 530007,China)

Abstract: To screen out the effective fungicides for the control of tomato Botrytis cinerea,the control effects of nine common fungicides were evaluated by field efficacy test. The results showed that after application the fungicides at recommended dosage for three times, the control effects of 400 g / L pyrimethanil SC, 250 g / L azoxystrobin SC and 50% procymidone WP were 86.4%, 82.3% and 80.5%, respectively, which were higher than those of other tested fungicides. Therefore, it is recommended to use the above three fungicides by turns in production, spraying every 7~14 days in the early stage of disease.

Key words:Tomato; Botrytis cinerea; screen; control efficacy

番茄灰霉病是番茄生产中严重的真菌性病害,其病原菌为半知菌亚门葡萄孢菌属灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea),主要侵染番茄花、果实和叶。广西处在亚热带季风气候区,十分适合番茄冬种,目前番茄冬季种植面积已达到53333 hm2[1],但冬、春季温暖湿润的气候特点也极易造成灰霉病发生流行。往年对广西番茄主产区田东县、田阳县和南宁市武鸣区太平镇番茄生产调查发现灰霉病发病率达到20%~30%,发生范围广,持续时间长,已经成为制约番茄生产的最重要因素之一。目前防治番茄灰霉病主要依靠化学药剂。从20世纪80年代多菌灵,百菌清等最先应用在田间防治上[2],至今登记在番茄灰霉病防治上的产品已有将近250个(单剂和复配药剂),有效成分主要为异菌脲、啶酰菌胺、腐霉利、咯菌腈和嘧霉胺等,此外还包含丁子香酚、香芹酚、木霉和枯草芽孢杆菌等植物源农药或生防菌剂。由于灰霉病菌产孢量大,生长速度快,为控制病害发展,生产上杀菌剂的使用非常频繁,带来了产生抗药性等一系列负面影响。……

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