梁晨晨 罗运胜

摘  要：长沙窑作为唐代著名的外销瓷窑，蕴含了丰富的历史文化信息，与唐代湖南区域经济文化发展息息相关。经济方面，人口南迁促进了湖南地区农业的发展，更多的劳动力投入手工业中，进一步促进了制瓷业发展，长沙窑瓷器业成为湖南手工业的代表产业，伴随着长沙窑瓷器的外销，长江沿线的人口流动进一步促进各地商贸往来;文化方面，长沙窑瓷既是锐意进取的湖湘精神的体现，又承载了重要的茶酒文化和中外文化交流信息，开创了釉上彩绘装饰工艺新高度，对于研究唐代湖南文化具有重要价值。

关键词：唐代  长沙窑  经济文化  关系

中圖分类号：K82                             文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-3791（2021）04（b）-0253-04

Research on the Relationship between Changsha Kiln in Tang Dynasty and the Regional Economic Culture of Hunan

LIANG Chenchen  LUO Yunsheng*

（College of Literature， History and Law， Hunan University of Arts and Science， Changde， Hunan Province， 415000  China）

Abstract：As a famous export porcelain kiln in Tang Dynasty， Changsha Kiln contains rich historical and cultural information， which is closely related to the regional economic and cultural development of Hunan in Tang Dynasty. In terms of economy， the southward migration of population promoted the development of agriculture in Hunan， and more labor force was put into the handicraft industry， which further promoted the development of porcelain industry. Changsha Kiln porcelain industry became the representative industry of Hunan handicraft industry. With the export of Changsha Kiln porcelain， the population flow along the Yangtze River further promoted the trade and business exchanges; in terms of culture， Changsha Kiln porcelain not only embodies the enterprising spirit of Hunan， but also carries important information of tea and wine culture and cultural exchange between China and foreign countries， creating a new height of glaze painting decoration technology， which is of great value for the study of Hunan culture in Tang Dynasty.

Key words： Tang dynasty; Changsha kiln; Regional economic culture; Relationship

20世纪50年代，考古工作者在湖南省长沙市郊发掘了长沙窑窑址，受到国内外学者广泛关注。长沙窑以其独特的价值与魅力，集中体现了我国中晚唐时期的社会经济、文化的一个侧面。其诗文题词装饰和成熟的釉彩工艺，既丰富了湖南区域手工业内涵，又对湖南商业贸易和唐代对外经济文化交流具有重大意义，值得深入研究。该文拟从农业、手工业、对外贸易交通、湖湘文化、釉彩装饰、茶酒文化、域外文化等方面入手，探究长沙窑与唐代湖南经济文化发展的相互关系。

1  唐代长沙窑与湖南区域经济的关系

1.1 农业、手工业与长沙窑

隋唐五代的湖南战乱较少，稳定的社会环境促进了湖南人口增长。《旧唐书·地理志》载：“自至德后，中原多故，襄、邓百姓及两京衣冠尽投江、湘，故荆南井邑，十倍其初。……