肖和友 朱伟 王海军 刘旭 张赐喜 唐涛 陈立军 陈雯韵 曾钰 戴勇强 邹凯

摘 要：为探讨连续施用生物质炭对改良植烟土壤、提高烟叶品质的长期效应，设置不添加生物质炭（CK）、添加烟秆炭（T1）、废弃烟叶炭（T2）和玉米秸秆炭（T3）4个处理，通过连续3年定位试验研究其对植烟土壤pH和CEC值、烟叶外观质量及内在化学成分的影响。结果表明，施用生物质炭能够显著提高土壤的pH和CEC值，提升效果为T2>T1>T3。生物质炭处理的叶片外观质量略优于对照。连续施用生物质炭后烟叶品质显著高于对照，其中T2显著高于T1和T3。随着试验年限的延长，烟叶的总糖、还原糖、总氮含量和氮碱比、糖碱比升高，而烟碱、氯含量和糖氮比降低。整体上废弃烟叶炭（T2）处理更有利于提高土壤pH和CEC值、烟叶化学成分含量及协调性指标。施用生物质炭显著提高土壤理化性质、烟叶内在化学成分含量及协调性，但其效应存在一定的滞后性，随着试验年限的增加，连续施用生物质炭更有利于改良植烟土壤、提高烤后烟叶品质。

关键词：生物质炭;定位试验;植烟土壤;外观质量;化学成分

Abstract： To explore the long-term effects of continuous application of biochar on improving tobacco-planting soil and tobacco leaf quality， four treatments were set with no biochar （CK）， tobacco stem-derived biochar （T1）， wasted tobacco leaf-derived biochar （T2）， and maize straw-derived biochar （T3）. The effects of these treatments on the pH and CEC values of tobacco-planting soil， appearance quality and internal chemical composition of tobacco leaves were studied through a 3-year field experiment. The results showed that pH value and CEC value of soil were significantly increased by applying biochar， and the promotion effect was T2>T1>T3. The leaf appearance quality of biochar treatments was slightly better than CK. After continuous application of biochar， the quality of tobacco leaf was significantly higher than CK， and T2 was significantly higher than T1 and T3. With the extension of experiment period， total sugar， reducing sugar， total nitrogen content， total nitrogen-nicotine ratio， total sugar-nicotine ratio of tobacco leaves increased， while nicotine， chlorine content and total sugar-nitrogen ratio decreased. On the whole， The T2 treatment was more beneficial in improving pH value， CEC value， chemical composition content and coordination index of tobacco leaves. Application of biochar significantly improved soil physical and chemical properties， the content of intrinsic chemicals and their coordination， but its effects were lagged. Along with the increasing of test time， the continuous application of biochar is more conducive to improve the tobacco-planting soil and the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.

Keywords： biochar; located experiment; tobacco-planting soil; appearance quality; chemical content

當前，我国植烟土壤环境呈现恶化趋势，烟叶品质处于较低水平，这与烟草的种植制度、栽培措施、施肥模式有关[1-2]。烟草是忌连作作物，且长期过量施用化肥造成土壤板结，养分流失加剧，元素利用率低下，烟株发育不良，烟叶化学成分和协调性逐渐偏离最佳值，烟叶品质下降[3]。植烟土壤环境的恶化是造成烟叶品质下降的主要原因之一[4]。因此，研……