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助剂安融乐对草甘膦异丙胺盐增效作用及其机理

2021-08-06相世刚刘琪强胜夏爱萍魏佳峰李春林宋小玲张瑞萍

杂草学报 2021年1期
关键词:除草剂杂草剂量

相世刚 刘琪 强胜 夏爱萍 魏佳峰 李春林 宋小玲 张瑞萍

摘要:为明确助剂安融乐(3%卵磷脂·维生素E)对草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂的增效作用,在温室条件下以野芥菜[Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss.,AABB,2n=36]為供试材料,通过生物测定计算安融乐与2种草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂(商品名为发达和农达,使用剂量为375~6 000 mL/hm2)混用后(体积分数为0.02%)的ED50值和ED90值、5-烯醇式丙酮酰-莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS)活性和莽草酸累积量。结果显示,与草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂单用相比,发达、农达与安融乐混用后野芥菜死亡时间提前1 d左右,ED50值和ED90值分别降低690.0、550.5 mL/hm2和561.0、643.5 mL/hm2,野芥菜防除效果提高33.9%、36.2%和11.1%、15.0%;野芥菜EPSPS活性IC50值(活性受抑制50%的草甘膦剂量)分别降低21.0 μmol/L和25.9 μmol/L。莽草酸积累量分别提高0.11%~24.02%和0.21%~27.05%。综上,安融乐对草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂有一定的增效作用,混用后可加速野芥菜EPSPS失活,增加莽草酸积累量,有效提高药剂作用速度,提高对靶标杂草的防除效果。

关键词:增效助剂;安融乐;除草剂;41%草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂;增效作用

中图分类号:S451.1  文献标志码:A  文章编号:1003-935X(2021)01-0075-07

Abstract:To determine the synergistic effect of AnnGro (3% lecithin·vitamin E) on glyphosate-isopropylammonium,wild Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss. (AABB,2n=36)was used as test material in the greenhouse to quantify ED50 and ED90 values,EPSPS activity,shikimic acid accumulation after treatment with 375~6 000 mL/hm2 glyphosate-isopropylammonium AS 41% [two brand names were Fada(FD) and Roundup(RD)]mixed with AnnGro(volume fraction was 0.02%). Mortality of wild B. juncea occurred 1.5 days earlier whenAnnGro was added to the herbicide mixture.The ED50 and ED90 values of the herbicide mixed with adjuvant on wild B. juncea respectively decreased 690,550.5 mL/hm2 and 561,643.5 mL/hm2,control effect on wild B. juncea improve 33.9%~36.2% and 11.1%~15.0%. The IC50 of EPSPS activity of wild B. juncea treated by FD and RD mixed with AnnGro decreased by 21.0% and 25.9%,respectively,and the accumulation of shikimic acid increased by 0.11%~24.02% and 0.21%~27.05%,respectively.In conclusion,as a synergistic adjuvant of glyphosate-isopropylammonium,AnnGro speeded up the inactivation of EPSPS and increase the accumulation of shikimic acid,thus reducing the time for the herbicide mixed with adjuvant to exert its phytotoxic action and improving the control efficacy on target weeds.

Key words:synergistic adjuvant;AnnGro;herbicide;glyphosate-isopropylammonium 41% AS;synergistic effect

草甘膦作为一种内吸传导型灭生性除草剂,因具有广谱、低毒、高效、持久等特点,迅速在除草剂领域占据了主导地位,特别是在国外抗草甘膦转基因作物推广种植以后,草甘膦用量逐年增加,目前已成为全世界销量最大、销量增长速度最快的除草剂品种[1]。但随着使用量的不断增加,杂草对草甘膦的抗性频率明显上升,截至2019年12月7日,全球有29个国家发现了47种抗草甘膦杂草[2]。降低除草剂使用量、缓解抗性杂草的发生已经成为农业生产中亟待解决的问题[3-4]。……

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