陈育民 冯伟明 郝东川 吴颖仪 张均功

摘要：为研究植保无人机喷施草铵膦对非耕地杂草的防除效果及其最适使用浓度，用植保无人机、电动喷雾器对不同杂草茎叶喷施18%草铵膦可溶液剂进行田间药效试验，在施药后7、14、21 d 分别观察记录不同杂草的外观状态，并计算株防效、鲜重防效。结果表明，药后21 d，植保无人机施药量为3.0 L/hm2小区的鲜重防效与电动喷雾器施药量为4.5 L/hm2的小区喷雾效果无显著差异;在相同施药浓度下，植保无人机的防治效果与电动喷雾器无显著差异。由此可见，植保无人机对防除非耕地杂草具有良好的效果，可以使用植保无人机施药量为3.0 L/hm2的草铵膦防除非耕地杂草，药液使用量为22.5 L/hm2。

关键词：植保无人机;草铵膦;非耕地杂草;株防效;鲜重防效

中图分类号：S451.2，S482.4  文献标志码：A  文章编号：1003-935X（2021）01-0061-06

Abstract：This study assessed the efficacy of glufosinate-ammonium sprayed with plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） on weeds and its optimal concentration in a non-cultivated area. The effect of the herbicide on weeds was visually evaluated and recorded 7，14 and 21 days after spraying glufosinate-ammonium 18% SL to foliage with an UAV and an electric sprayer.Efficacy was estimated based on control level and fresh weight. Efficacy based on weight in the district significantly differed when glufosinate-ammonium was sprayed at 3.0 L/hm2 with the UAV compared with spraying at 4.5 L/hm2 with the electric sprayer after 21 days.But there was no significant difference in the efficacy attained between the two spraying equipments at the same concentration. Therefore，glufosinate-ammonium at 3.0 L/hm2 sprayed with the UAV at a total volume of 22.5 L/hm2 effectively controlled weeds in non-cultivated areas.

Key words：plant protection UAV;glufosinate-ammonium;weeds in non-cultivated area;plant control effect;fresh weight control effect

目前，用于防除非耕地雜草的植保施药器械主要以手动和电动喷雾器为主，不仅工作效率低，而且药液雾化效果差、喷雾量大，还会造成药剂沉积、分布不匀，农药有效利用率低，同时会给生态环境造成严重污染，威胁人们的身体健康[1-2]。植保无人机是近年来发展的一种先进施药器械，具有喷洒效果好、防控效率高、防治费用低等优点，经济、社会、生态效益显著[3-4]。因此，研究植保无人机喷施草铵膦（glufosinate-ammonium）防除非耕地杂草具有重要意义。由于非耕地杂草的野蛮生长对生产生活造成了严重影响，因此，在非耕地杂草防控技术方面国内外专家对此陆续开展了大量研究，我国也早已在非耕地杂草的综合防治技术研究方面做了大量工作，提出了一系列非耕地杂草防治经验与措施，取得了显著成效。……