吴英详 黄成能 龚江美 黄建英 潘腾飞x

摘  要：为研究‘迷你红柚果实发育过程中的类胡萝卜素组分与含量变化，本研究采用正乙烷-无水乙醇-丙酮（2∶1∶1）萃取法对‘迷你红柚果实中的类胡萝卜素进行快速提取，利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定了果实海绵层、囊衣和汁胞及其不同发育时期的类胡萝卜素组分和含量。结果表明，流动相为乙腈-甲醇-四氢呋喃（90∶5∶5），流速0.3 mL/min，进样量10 μL，柱温40 ℃，样品室温度20 ℃，检测波长450 nm，3种类胡萝卜素8 min内即可较好地分离;‘迷你红柚成熟果实中含有3种类胡萝卜素，含量从高到低依次是番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素和玉米黄素;类胡萝卜素主要积累在汁胞中，番茄红素是红色的汁胞、囊衣和海绵层中最重要的色素;随着果实的发育成熟，类胡萝卜素的含量逐渐升高，番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素在汁胞和囊衣中随着果实的发育而累积，玉米黄素只在成熟阶段的果实中检测到，且含量显著低于番茄红素和β-胡萝卜素。研究结果为‘迷你红柚果实品质评价和开发利用提供科学依据。

关键词：柚;番茄红素;β-胡萝卜素;玉米黄素

Abstract： To determine the components and contents of carotenoid in ‘Minihongyou [Citrus maxima （Burm.） Merr.]， a putative new pomelo mutant， the solvent extraction method was used to quickly extract the carotenoids from the fruits， the components and contents of the carotenoids in albedo， segment wall and juice sacs during the developmental stages weredetermined by UPLC technology. The results showed that the optimum extractant was N-ethane， anhydrous ethanol andacetone with a proportion 2∶1∶1. The mobile phase of UPLC was acetonitrile-methanol-tetrahydrofuran （90∶5∶5）， flow rate was 0.3 mL/min， injection volume was 10 μL， column temperature was 40 ℃， sample temperature was 20 ℃.Carotenoids could be separated exactly at 450 nm for 8 min. As determined by UPLC， three major types of carotenoids were contained in mature fruits， the content of which were lycopene， β-carotene， and zeaxanthin in order from high to low. Carotenoids were mainly accumulated in juice sacs， and lycopene was the most important pigment in juice sacs， segment wall and albedo. Accompanied by fruit development， the content of carotenoids gradually increased. Lycopene and β-carotene accumulated in the juice sacs and segment with the fruit development. Zeaxanthin was only detected in mature fruits， and the content was significantly lower than lycopene and β-carotene.

Keywords： pomelo; lycopene; β-carotene; zeaxanthin

色澤是果实感官品质的重要指标，对果实及其后续生产加工具有重要的影响，色素的积累是果实色泽形成的基础，色素的种类、含量决定了果实的色质和呈色深度[1]。类胡萝卜素在园艺产品中分布广泛，吸光能力强，在400～500 nm内具强吸收，能呈现出红色、橙色以及黄色[2]。类胡萝卜素由于具有多个共轭双键，具有抗氧化、预防慢性疾病、抗癌和增强抵抗力等功效，对人体具有一定的保健功能。……