谢一青 吴庆锥 余孟杨 黄勇 林翔 李志真

摘  要：连续3 a对从安徽亳州南移至福建不同地区种植的‘凤丹（Paeonia ostii ‘FengDan）的物候、生长性状及结籽性状等指标进行了调查分析。结果表明：‘凤丹能适应福建的高温高湿气候和土壤条件，引种后第2年能正常开花结实，保存率在86.73%～91.60%，物候期比原产地提前约10 d。‘凤丹的生长及结籽性状在5个引种试验地间存在显著差异，但‘凤丹籽油中的主要脂肪酸含量差异不明显，其中α-亚麻酸含量均较高，达39.97%～43.06%。相关分析表明，‘凤丹幼林的生长、结籽性状及单株产籽量与生境因子相关不密切，仅出仁率受海拔、纬度、年均温度及土壤全氮的综合影响。‘凤丹在福建未能获得较好的产量，综合性状表现最好的闽北政和引种地的4年生、5年生和6年生‘凤丹单株产籽量分别仅为11.49、39.58、30.74 g，在福建地区建议暂不以发展油用牡丹为目的推广‘凤丹牡丹。

关键词：‘凤丹;引种试验;福建;南移;适应性

Abstract： The phenological phase， growth traits and seed setting characters of Paeonia ostii ‘FengDan， which was transplanted from Bozhou， Anhui Province to different areas of Fujian Province， were investigated and analyzed for 3 consecutive years. The results showed that P. ostii ‘FengDan could adapt to high temperature and high humidity climate and different soil conditions in Fujian. Meanwhile， it could blossom and bear fruit normally in the second year after introduction， the preservation rate was between 86.73% to 91.60%， and the phenological phase is about 10 days earlier than that of original place. The growth traits and seed setting characters of P. ostii ‘FengDan were significantly different among the five different introduction sites， but there was no significant difference in the content of main fatty acids in the seed oil， in which the content of α-linolenic acid was higher and up to 39.97%～43.06%. The correlation analysis showed that the growth traits， seed setting characters and the seed yield per plant of young forest of P. ostii ‘FengDan were not closely related to the environmental factors， while the kernel rate of seed was only affected by altitude， latitude， average annual temperature and the soil total nitrogen content. P. ostii ‘FengDan could not get a better yield in Fujian Province， and the seed yield per plant of four years old， five years old and six years old young forest in Zhenghe of north Fujian was only 11.49， 39.58 and 30.74 g， respectively. Therefore， It is suggested not to promote P. ostii ‘FengDan peony for the purpose of developing oil peony temporarily in Fujian.

Keywords： Paeonia ostii ‘FengDan; introduction experiment; Fujian; southward planting; adaptability

牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa）系芍藥科（Paeon i aceae）芍药属落叶小灌木，是我国特有的植物资源，一直作为观赏栽培而为人们所熟知[1]。多年研究发现，牡丹籽含油率高，且其籽油富含α-亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸等不饱和脂肪酸成分，具有降血脂、增强免疫力的功效，2011年卫生部批准油用牡丹籽油为新资源食品[2-3]。目前，油用牡丹多指以采收种籽、提取油料、生产牡丹籽油为主要经济目的牡丹品种或资源类型，主要包括‘凤丹牡丹（P. ostii ‘FengDan）和‘紫斑牡丹（P. rockii）两大类[4-5]。其中，‘凤丹由杨山牡丹（P. ostii）直接演化而来，是以药用价值和观赏价值为目的的栽培牡丹品种[6]，具有生长适应性强、种籽产量高等特点，多分布于安徽、四川、山东、陕西、甘肃等地，主要栽培区是安徽的铜陵、亳州[7-8]。……