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不同施肥量对降香黄檀苗木生长和叶片养分状况的影响

2021-08-06李毓琦刘小金徐大平杨曾奖张宁南崔之益

热带作物学报 2021年2期

李毓琦 刘小金 徐大平 杨曾奖 张宁南 崔之益

摘  要:以半年生降香黄檀苗木为研究对象,利用普罗丹水溶性复合肥(N-P2O5-K2O:20-20-20),按照施肥量(按N用量计算)0、400、800、1200、1600 mg/株设置5个施肥量处理开展指数施肥盆栽试验,探讨施肥量对降香黄檀苗木生长以及叶片养分含量的影响,运用临界浓度法确定降香黄檀苗木的适宜施肥量,为规模化培育降香黄檀壮苗提供科学依据。结果表明:降香黄檀苗高、地径以及总生物量、地上部分生物量均随施肥量的增加呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,在施肥量(按N用量计算)为1200 mg/株时达到最大值,其苗高、地径、总生物量和地上部分生物量依次为(64.31±6.84)cm、(6.34±0.68)mm、(14.49±1.69)g/株、(11.78±0.63)g/株,比对照显著提高50.70%、26.55%、52.69%、73.49%(P<0.05);地下部分生物量变化规律不明显,处理间差异不显著(P>0.05);根冠比则随施肥量的增加呈下降趋势,且均显著低于对照(P<0.05)。苗木叶片的氮(N)、钾(K)含量随施肥量的增加而增大,而磷(P)含量则趋于稳定;降香黄檀苗木叶片N、K含量以及N/P含量比的最適范围分别为26.53~41.16 g/kg、25.86~39.18 g/kg、13.79~21.42,据此推断出采用N、P、K复合肥,半年生降香黄檀苗木的适宜施肥量(按N用量计算)为800~1200 mg/株。

关键词:降香黄檀;指数施肥;生长表现;叶片养分

Abstract: In order to study the effects of fertilization on the growth and foliar nutrition of Dalbergia odorifera seedlings, and then determine the optimal fertilizer amount of D. odorifera seedlings for large-scale cultivation and afforestation, five dosages (0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600 mg Nitrogen (N) per seeding) of Prod compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 20-20-20) were applied on 6-month old D. odorifera seedlings through an exponential fertilization pot trail. The results showed that the height, ground diameter, total biomass and above-ground biomass of D. odorifera seedlings increased with the addition of fertilizer up to 1200 mg N per seedling, where the maximum values were achieved, with an average height of (64.316.84) cm, an average ground diameter of (6.340.68) mm, an average total biomass of (14.491.69) g and an average above-ground biomass of (11.780.63) g, which increased by 50.70%, 26.55%, 52.69% and 73.49% compared to the control treatment (P<0.05), respectively. After then the growth performance and biomass accumulation were inhibited slightly. No statistical differences (P>0.05) were observed on the below-ground biomass among different fertilizer supply. The ratio of root and shoot biomass decreased with the increase of fertilizer supply, while foliar content of N and potassium (K) increased. However, phosphorus (P) tended to be stable with the addition of fertilizer. According to the critical level approach, the optimum range of N, K content and N/P ratio for D. odorifera leaves was 26.53-41.16 g/kg, 25.86-39.18 g/kg and 13.79-21.42, respectively. Based on these data, it could infer that when using N, P, K compound fertilizer, 800-1200 mg N per seeding would be the optimal fertilizer amount for 6-month old D. odorifera seedlings.

Keywords: Dalbergia odorifera; exponential fertilization; growth performance; leaf nutrient

施肥是促进苗木生长发育的重要措施,亦是实现林分速生丰产的重要途径[1]。林木对施肥的响应常因树种、生长阶段、施肥量、肥料配方、施肥方法以及土壤肥力条件而异[2-4],有关施肥量的研究以氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)等大量元素居多。如贾瑞丰等[5]通过观测不同施肥量处理下红厚壳(Calophyllum inophyllum)苗木生长及光合特性发现,施肥可以显著促进苗木生长,其生长量随施肥量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势;膏桐[6](Jatropha curcas)、水杉[7](Metasequoia glyptostroboides)、格木[8](Erythrophleum fordii)等苗木对施肥量的响应也有类似规律;陈琳等[9]研究表明,西南桦(Betula alnoides)苗木生长量随施肥量的增加表现出先增加后趋于稳定的变化趋势。由此可见,在适宜范围内提高肥料供应水平,可有效提高苗木生长速率,但施用过量会产生肥害[7]。……

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