钟珍梅 黄小云 游小凤 应朝阳 黄秀声

摘  要：为验证橘柚生长期追肥配施有机肥的可行性，根据橘柚膨果期需肥特性调配2种有机无机复混肥，采用大田实验，并设置多个施肥量，探讨有机无机复混肥用作追肥时不同施肥量对橘柚产量和品质的影响。结果表明，配方1和配方2均对橘柚产量无显著影响，显著降低了单果重、果皮重和果皮厚度，但增加了果肉比例，其中配方1施肥量为6.0 kg/株时果肉比例最高，达68.18%。配方1的5个施肥量均显著降低了橘柚果实总可溶性酸含量，显著增加了总可溶性糖、还原糖及抗坏血酸含量，提高糖酸比。而配方2的5个施肥量显著提高了橘柚的糖酸比，部分施肥量增加了总糖和还原糖含量。其中配方1施肥量与总糖和还原糖含量的关系可用三次回归方程和幂函数方程拟合。综上所述，橘柚生长期施用有机无机复混肥是可行的，其中配方1的肥效优于配方2，配方1推荐施肥量为4.8～6.0 kg/株为佳，而配方2推荐施肥量为3.6～4.5 kg/株为佳。

关键词：橘柚;有机无机复混肥;果肉比;产量;品质

Abstract： In order to verify the feasibility of applying organic compound fertilizer to Citrus reticulata × Citrus paradisi during the growth period， two organic-inorganic compound fertilizers based on cattle manure were applied to Citrus reticulata × Citrus paradisi which were in fruit enlargement period. The results showed that there were no significant differences for yield among all treatments， and formula 1 and 2 significantly reduced single fruit weight， peel weight and peel thickness， but increased the percentage of fruit pulp. The highest percentage of pulp reaching 68.18% was observed in treatment with 6.0 kg/plant of formula 1. Compared with the control five fertilizer levels of formula 1 significantly reduced the total soluble acid content， significantly increased the content of total soluble sugar， reducing sugar and ascorbic acid， and increased the sugar-acid ratio. Meanwhile five fertilizer levels of formula 2 significantly increased the content of sugar-acid ratio， and partial fertilizer application increased the total sugar and reducing sugar content. Among them， the cubic regression equation and power function equation were fitting in the relationship between the fertilization amount of formula 1 with the total sugar and reducing sugar content， respectively. It concluded that it is feasible to apply organic-inorganic compound fertilizer in the growing season of Citrus reticulata × Citrus paradise， and the better performance was observed in formula 1 than formula 2. The recommended fertilizer amount of formula 1 is 4.8-6.0 kg/plant， and it is 3.6-4.5 kg/plant of formula 2.

Keywords： Citrus reticulata × Citrus paradisi; organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; the percentage of pulp; yield; quality

柑橘属植物起源于高温多湿的热带和亚热带地区，是一种在全球范围内广泛种植的果树[1]。橘柚为柑橘属果树，是福建省建阳市科技人员用日本引进的‘甜春橘柚选育出的芽变品种，该品种果色黄色，果实含糖量高，果肉细嫩多汁，兼有橘和柚的风味[2-4]。该品种选育出来后，因其产量高、风味佳，在以建阳为中心的福建北部大面积种植。据南平市官网报道，截至2018年，仅建阳区橘柚种植面积达1666.67 hm2，年产橘柚5万t以上，年产值4亿多元[5]，橘柚种植在促进山区农民增收致富和农业发展等方面发挥了重要作用。……