曾霞 安泽伟 胡彦师 程汉

摘  要：胶乳中的金属离子对胶乳稳定性和橡胶性能有重要影响，但这些离子在不同种质间的差异及其年度变化尚未见研究报道。本研究以国家橡胶树种质资源圃种植的少花橡胶、光亮矮生橡胶、巴西橡胶野生种和栽培种共13份种质为对象，采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法，研究了胶乳中的Cu、Mn、Fe、Ca、Mg 5种离子含量及其年度变化。结果表明：Cu、Mn、Mg离子在种质间差异达到极显著水平，Ca、Fe离子在种质间差异达到显著水平，但5种离子在野生种和栽培种间无显著性差异;从年度（5—12月）变化看，Cu离子含量呈现从低到高的变化趋势，Ca离子含量年度内呈现从高到低的变化趋势，Mg、Mn和Fe离子含量年度内呈现小幅波动，推测这些变化趋势与天然橡胶年度割胶生产与产排胶有密切关系，也可为高性能天然橡胶的制备提供一定依据;对5种金属离子在种质间差异性和年度变异系数进行分析，认为Mn离子和Mg离子可以初步筛选作为胶乳特性的遗传指标，Mg、Mn、Cu、Ca 4种离子可以通过代表性月份或每月1次测定代表全年平均。

关键词：橡胶树;种质;胶乳;金属离子;年度变化

Abstract： The mental ions in the latex have an important effect on the latex stability and properties of nature rubber. The differences of the ions among germplasm and the annual changes have not been studied. In this study， 13 germplasm planted in the National Rubber Tree Germplasm Repository， including Hevea pauciflora， Hevea nitida and Hevea brasiliensisi， were used to investigate the difference and annual variation of Ca， Cu， Fe， Mg and Mn in the latex by ICP-MS or ICP-OES. It was found Cu， Mn and Mg had a highly significant difference， and Ca and Fe had a significant difference among the germplasm. But the difference was not significant between the wild and cultivated germplasm. The trend in the whole year of Cu was from low to high， that of Ca was from high to low， and that of Mn， Mg and Fe fluctuated slightly. The trends were speculated to be closely related to the annual production and could provide some advice for the processing of high quality natural rubber. It is concluded that Mn and Mg could be used as the genetic indexes for latex properties. Mg， Mn， Cu， and Ca could be measured by the representative month or once a month to represent the annual average.

Keywords： Hevea; germplasm; latex; mental ions; annual variation

天然橡胶与合成橡胶相比，在通用性能、抗撕裂性能等方面表现优良，在军工和国民经济建设中起着不可或缺的作用，是重要的工业原料和不可替代的战略资源。商用天然橡胶99%来源于巴西橡胶树，通过获取其胶乳加工而成[1]。新鲜胶乳一般呈白色，是一种胶体的复合物，其物理性质、化学组成和胶态化学结构都非常复杂。……