杨澜 张朝君 杜致辉 陈之林

摘  要：以10%蔗糖+0.5%琼脂为基础培养基，采用花粉离体萌发法研究硼酸浓度、培养温度和培养时间对多肉植物红司（Echeveria nodulosa）花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明：硼酸浓度、培养温度、培养时间三因素以及相互间的交互效应对花粉萌发率的影响差异极显著;硼酸浓度、培养温度以及二者间的交互效应对花粉管伸长的影响显著，而培养时间对花粉管伸长的影响不显著。12～28 ℃有利于提高花粉管萌发率，20～36 ℃有利于花粉管的伸长。三因素交互效应显示：60 mg/L硼酸+12 ℃+16 h为红司花粉萌发最佳条件，萌发率为52.43%。30 mg/L硼酸+36 ℃+16 h为花粉管生长适宜条件，花粉管平均长度达527.74 μm。

关键词：多肉植物;红司;培养温度;花粉管生长

Abstract： Using the in vitro pollen germination method to study the effects of boric acid concentration， temperature and time on the pollen germination and pollen tube growth of succulent plant Echeveria nodulosa， 10% sucrose+0.5% agar was the basic medium. The effects of boric acid， culture temperature， culture time and interaction effects of the three factors on the pollen germination rate had significant differences. The effects of boric acid， culture temperature and interaction effects between them on the pollen tube elongation were significantly different. Culture temperature had no significant effect on pollen tube growth. 12?28 ℃ was good for improving the germination rate of pollen tube， and 20?36 ℃ was better for the elongation of pollen tube. The three-factor interaction effects showed that 60 mg/L boric acid+12 ℃+16 h was the best condition for the pollen germination of E. nodulosa， with a germination rate of 52.43%. 30 mg/L boric acid+36 ℃+16 h was the suitable condition for the pollen tube growth.

Keywords： succulents; Echeveria nodulosa; culture temperature; pollen tube growth

多肉植物红司（Echeveria nodulosa）属于景天科（Crassulaceae）拟石莲属（Echeveria）原生种，原产于墨西哥，叶片上分布着奇特的红色纹路，花粉量丰富，花期5—7月。红司能较好适应高低温环境，且观赏性较好，引进国内后进行大量的商品化生产。在育种方面，红司也是一种重要的育种父本材料，曾育出园艺品种E. shaviana× E. nodulosa和E.setosa var. ciliata×E. nodulosa。拟石莲属是景天科中最具有代表性的一个属，其種类比例占到景天科原种的97%，而分布在墨西哥的拟石莲属多肉植物拥有丰富的多样性，85%的物种生长在墨西哥[1-2]。此外，拟石莲属多肉植物的形态特征具有较高的吸引力，被世界园艺家和收藏家认为是观赏价值很高的园艺植物。

González-Mancera等[1]通过电镜扫描拟石莲属花粉，发现大多数品种花粉表现出相似的特征，大小为27～42 m，外形为球状或椭圆形，表面具有网状或条形纹饰，但有一些表现出不同的特征，如花粉表面具有孔沟或多个萌发孔。……