刘明骞 陈丽君 周玮 丁美美 陈晓阳

摘  要：剑豆为优良的绿肥和药食同源植物。本研究以来源于11个国家的19份剑豆种质为材料，采用R-3.6.2软件，通过相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法分析剑豆22个农艺性状，并对其进行综合评价。结果表明：剑豆不同性状间差异均达到显著或极显著水平，遗传变异丰富，具较大的选择潜力;单株荚数和种子形态指数性状、叶形指数性状、地径、节间距之间呈极显著正相关关系，叶形指数性状和种子形态指数性状之间也呈极显著的正相关关系;主成分分析结果显示，前4个主成分累计贡献率已达86.201%，可代表22个性状的主要信息，若以产量为选择目标，应选择种子、叶面积、地径和节间距大且始花期晚的种质;聚类分析结果表明，19份剑豆种质可分为3类，分别为早熟不攀爬型、晚熟半攀爬型和晚熟善攀爬型，可根据不同用途和育种需求进行选择。

关键词：剑豆;农艺性状;多样性

Abstract： Canavalia ensiformis is an excellent green fertilizer and medicinal & edible homologous plant. 19 accessions of C. ensiformis from 11 countries were used in this study. R-3.6.2 software was adopted to analyze 22 agronomic traits through correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis， and the comprehensive evaluation was made. The results showed that there were significant or extremely significant differences among different traits. There was an extremely significant positive correlation between pod number per plant and seed shape index traits， leaf shape index traits， ground diameter and pitch spacing， and there was also an extremely significant positive correlation between leaf shape index traits and seed shape index traits. The cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components reached 86.201%， which could represent the main information of 22 traits. For yield， the germplasms with large seed， leaf area， diameter and pitch spacing and late flowering should be selected. Based on this， the germplasms could be divided into three categories， namely early-maturing non-climbing type， late-maturing semi-climbing type and late-maturing good climbing type， which could be selected according to different needs.

Keywords： Canavalia ensiformis; agronomic traits; diversity

剑豆（Canavalia ensiformis），为豆科刀豆属植物，广泛分布于亚洲、美洲、非洲等热带、亚热带地区，我国长江流域以南各省零星栽培。剑豆根系发达，适应能力强，耐贫瘠，可作为土壤改良和覆草植物[1-6]。剑豆种子不仅富含蛋白质、人体必需氨基酸和矿质元素等营养物质，还含有刀豆氨酸、刀豆球蛋白A、类黄酮等物质[7-9]，《本草纲目》和《救荒本草》中均有其作为药物的记载，为卫生部公布的第一批药食兼用的植物[10]，也被美国科学院认为是热带地区潜在的食物来源[11]。我国广西、湖南、四川等地区常将其嫩荚腌制后食用，某些地区也将剑豆种子粉末作为高蛋白饲料，添加至兔[12]、鱼[13-14]和鸡[15]等的饲料之中[16-17]。……