肖鑫辉 叶剑秋 王明 许瑞丽 张洁 万仲卿

摘  要：为了评价和筛选出淀粉品质优良的木薯资源，对212份国内外栽培木薯种质块根淀粉产量性状及淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、粘度峰值和糊化温度5个重要淀粉特性指标进行研究。结果表明，不同木薯资源各淀粉特性差异较大，不同指标间有一定的相关性，利用概率分级法将8个淀粉产量及特性性状分为5级，即极低、低、中、高和极高，推荐极高品系可作为木薯淀粉品质育种利用的基础亲本材料，其中直链淀粉含量极高资源共17份;支链淀粉含量极高资源共18份。利用主成分分析得出前2个主成分反映木薯参试资源块根淀粉特性的83.79%信息，第1主成分主要包括淀粉率、直链淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量，隶属函数法综合评价得出，‘SM2300-1等12份木薯资源淀粉综合特性最好，更适合木薯淀粉的深加工与利用。

关键词：木薯;种质资源;淀粉;淀粉特性;种质筛选

Abstract： In order to evaluate and select cassava genotypes with good starch properties， the starch yield and 5 starch traits of 212 cassava landraces and varieties were subject to detection， including root starch content， amylose content， amylopectin content， peak viscosity， and gelatinization temperature. Starch indexes of different cassavas were greatly different， and there were a certain correlation between different indexes. Using the probability grading method， eight starch characters were divided into five levels， namely， very low， low， medium， high and very high. The higher strain can be used as the basis of parent materials of cassava breeding. A total of 17 accessions were very high for amylose content， 18 accessions for amylopectin content. Using the principle component analysis， the first and the second component included 83.79% information. The first component was consisted of starch content， amylose content and amylopectin content. Under the comprehensive evaluation by subordinate function， 12 cassava germplasm accessions such as SM 2300-1 etc.， were more suitable for the deep processing and utilization of cassava starch.

Keywords： cassava; germplasm resources; starch; starch properties; germplasm screening

木薯（Manihot esculenta Crantz）與马铃薯、甘薯被称为三大薯类作物。目前，全世界木薯每年种植面积近2.4千万hm2，年总产量2.7亿t，主要生产国有尼日利亚、刚果、泰国、巴西、莫桑比克、加纳、坦桑尼亚、科特迪瓦、安哥拉、印度尼西亚等，我国木薯产量占世界木薯产量的1.47%[1]。木薯不仅是粮食和饲料作物，而且还是重要的工业原料，可生产燃料乙醇、原淀粉、变性淀粉、葡萄糖等，具有广泛用途[2]。木薯是典型的淀粉作物，一般淀粉含量约为14%～40%[3]。木薯是除了玉米、马铃薯以外的主要商品淀粉来源[4]，其块根中淀粉组成、结构及特性对其用途和加工品质有重要影响。……