张倩 曾燏

摘    要：分析了嘉陵江中游蓬安段的鱼类群落组成和结构变化特征，以期为嘉陵江渔业资源保护提供基础数据。对2016年渔业资源调查的渔获物数据分析结果显示，蓬安段鱼类种类共有44种，隶属于3目6科36属44种，其中鲤形目有2科30属38种，鲇形目有2科4属4种，鲈形目有2科2属2种。相对重要性指数IRI大于1 000的优势种主要有6种鲤科（蛇鮈、    、黄尾鲴、鲫、银飘鱼、鲤）和1种鲿科鱼类（大鳍鳠），说明蓬安段鱼类群落物种组成与结构单一（主要为鲤科鱼类）;香农威纳指数季节波动明显，表现为夏季最高，然后依次为秋季、春季、冬季。将本文结果与历史资料相比较，嘉陵江中游蓬安段鱼类群落区系组成和物种数目均呈现减少的趋势，建议加强鱼类资源的保护。

关键词：嘉陵江;鱼类;群落组成

中图分类号：S917.4;S931.1         文献标识码：A           DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.05.010

Abstract： In order to provide basic data for the protection of fishery resources in Jialing River， the composition and structure of fish community for the middle reaches of Jialing River Peng'an were analyzed. According to the analysis of the catch data of 2016 fishery resources survey， there were 44 species of fish in Peng'an section， belonging to 3 orders， 6 families and 36 genera. In Cypriniformes， there were 2 families， 30 genera and 38 species; in Siluriformes， there were 2 families，4 genera and 4 species; in Perciformes， there were 2 families， 2 genera and 2 species. There were mainly six species of Cyprinidae（Saurogobio dabryi， Hemiculter leucisculus， Xenocypris davidi，Carassius auratus， Pseudolaubuca sinensis， Cyprinus carpio） and one species of Bagridae（Mystus macropterus） which the IRI index greater than 1 000， indicating that the species composition and structure of the community were single （mainly Cyprinidae）. The Shannon-Wiener index was highest in summer， followed by autumn， spring， and winter. Compared with the historical data， the fish community composition and the number of species in the middle reaches of Jialing River Peng'an showed a decreasing trend， suggesting that the protection of fish resources should be strengthened.

Key words： Jialing River; fish; community composition

魚类是水生生态系统中的重要指示物种，其群落组成与结构变化是反映其所生存水环境变化的重要依据[1]。研究表明，鱼类群落结构及其组成与水环境的变化密不可分。Baptista等[2]在对葡萄牙南、北海岸鱼类群落结构和组成的研究中认为，造成区域内鱼类群落结构与组成差异的主要原因是鱼类对水温的适应性选择;高志等[3]发现渭河干流中下游鱼类物种数目和群落结构发生较大变化的主要原因是河道改造、偷捕和滥放生等改变了其生存环境;林楠等[4]对东海中部夏季鱼类群落结构及其生物多样性分析发现，夏季香农威纳指数Shannon-Wiener与往年相比有下降趋势，并建议继续执行伏期休渔政策来提高该水域的生物多样性等。……