黄素芳 孙文元 孙一 李俊英 赵忠祥 赵花其 曹平平 薛文

摘    要：对选自邢台、石家庄和保定山区的11个野生酸枣资源，在河北平原区的献县进行引种栽培，对其果实性状进行调查研究和测定。结果表明，11个野生酸枣资源种间单果质量、核仁比、单仁率、多仁率、果实出仁率及核出仁率等性状指标有显著差异。单果质量和核肉比可作为果肉加工类型酸枣品种的预选指标，11个酸枣资源的单果质量的变异系数为26.04%，核肉比的变异系数为47.46%;单果质量与核肉比和果实出仁率呈极显著负相关，相关系数为-0.850，-0.797;核肉比与果实出仁率呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.792。果实出仁率和核出仁率作为仁用酸枣品种选育的两个重要预选指标，多仁率与果实出仁率和核出仁率均呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.548，0.668。综上分析得出，综合性状较好的5个仁用资源类型为S3、S4、S6、S8和S10，果肉加工类型为S1、S5和S7。

关键词：酸枣;平原区;引种栽培;果实性状

中图分类号： S665.1          文献标识码：A          DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.05.009

Abstract： 11 wild jujube resources selected from Xingtai， Shijiazhuang and Baoding mountainous areas were planted in Xian County of Hebei Plain， and their biological characteristics were investigated and tested. The results showed that there were significant differences in the traits of 11 wild jujube resources such as single fruit weight， kernel ratio， single kernel rate， multiple kernel rate， fruit kernel rate and kernel rate. The weight of single fruit and the ratio of kernel to flesh could be used as the pre-selection index for the fruit pulp processing type of wild jujube varieties. The coefficient of variation of the single fruit weight of 11 wild jujube resources was 26.04%， and the coefficient of variation of the ratio of kernel to flesh was 47.46%; the weight of a single fruit and the ratio of kernel to flesh had significantly negative correlated with fruit kernel rate， the correlation coefficients were-0.850 and -0.797; the ratio of nucleus to flesh had significantly positive correlated with fruit kernel rate， the correlation coefficient was 0.792.Fruit kernel rate and kernel rate were two important pre-selection indicators for the selection of jujube varieties for kernels. The multi-kernel rate and the fruit kernel rate and kernel rate were all significantly positively correlated， and the correlation coefficients were 0.548 and 0.668， respectively. In summary， the five kernel resource types with better comprehensive characteristics are S3， S4， S6， S8 and S10， and the pulp processing types are S1， S5 and S7.

Key words： wild jujube; plain area; introduction and cultivation; fruit traits

酸棗（Ziziphus acidojujuba C.Y. Cheng et M.J.Liu）是我国特有的野生果树[1-2]，主要分布在我国北方各地，河北是药用酸枣的主产区[3]。酸枣的适应性强，耐寒、耐旱、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄[4-5]。酸枣有非常高的经济价值[5]，酸枣利用主要体现在种仁和果肉，果肉可加工成果汁和酸枣面，种仁则为传统中药材[6]。近年来，酸枣价格不断增高，种植收益较好，农民种植积极性不断提高。

河北省太行山区酸枣分布广泛[7]，酸枣多处于野生状态，类型复杂，良莠不齐[7];立地条件差，采摘不易，交通不便，不易于规模化生产;优势品种（品系）选育和配套栽培技术落后，造成效益低下[8-10]。……