甄莉娜 徐丰 李有华 刘乐 贺志坚

摘    要：为筛选适宜在高寒环境生长的冰草品种，在大同地区对扁穗冰草、沙生冰草、蒙古冰草、高冰草和细茎冰草5个冰草品种的栽培特性进行比较研究，测定生长指标（株高、出苗率、分蘖数），产量指标（鲜草产量、干草产量和鲜干比）及光合指标（净光合速率、CO2浓度、叶绿素含量），筛选适宜在大同地区推广种植的优良冰草品种。结果表明，5个品种的出苗率、干草产量、鲜干比及叶片净光合速率和CO2浓度差异均不显著，但高冰草9、10月份的株高及鲜草产量优势明显，蒙古冰草和细茎冰草的分蘖优势明显，细茎冰草的叶绿素含量显著高于除沙生冰草之外的其他品种。综合说明，高冰草和蒙古冰草的生长状况和产量较其他3个品种有优势，其鲜草产量分别为1 241.06，1 074.72 g·m-2，适合在大同地区推广种植。

关键词：冰草;引种栽培;大同

中图分类号：S649           文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.05.008

Abstract： In order to select suitable varieties of Agropyroncristatum for alpine environment， a comparative experiment was conducted on the adaptability and productive performance of five kinds of wheatgrass（Agropyron cristatum（L.） Gaertn.，Agropyron desertorum （Fisch.） Schult.，Agropyron mongolicum Keng， Agropyron elongatum， and Agropyron trachycaulum cv. Slender）.The growth indexes （plant height， germination percentage， tiller number）， yield indexes （fresh grass yield， hay yield and fresh-dry ratio）， and photosynthesis indexes （net photosynthetic rate， CO2 concentration and chlorophyll content） were measured to select the optimum varieties which more suitable for Datong area. The results showed that there were no significant differences in seedling emergence rate， hay yield， fresh-dry ratio， net photosynthetic rate of leaves and CO2 concentration among the five varieties， but the plant height and fresh grass yield of Agropyron elongatum were significantly higher in September and October， the tillering superiority of Agropyron mongolicum and Agropyron elongatum was obvious， and the chlorophyll content of Agropyr ontrachycaulum cv. Slender was significantly higher than that of the other varieties except Agropyron desertorum. Comprehensively， the growth condition and yield of Agropyron elongatum and Agropyron mongolicum were better than those of the other three varieties，which were more suitable for planting in Datong area， and their fresh grass yield were 1 241.06， 1 074.72 g·m-2， respectiuely.

Key words： wheatgrass; introduction;Datong

冰草（Agropyron cristatum）是我国常见的牧草，为禾本科（Gramineae）、冰草属（Agropyron）多年丛生型草本植物，最高可达75 cm，顶端有短芒，内稃脊上存在短小刺毛;多分布于干旱地区，如辽、吉、黑、甘、蒙、青等，国外也有大面积种植，多为牛羊所食用。冰草根系发达，能够防止水土流失，作为固沙植物，是我国干旱半干旱地区用于建植栽培草地、补播天然草地和恢复退化草地的优良牧草[1-2]。扁穗冰草（Agropyron cristatum （L.） Gaertn.）茎叶柔嫩，营养价值丰富，饲喂价值高，在青藏高原分布广泛，是生态草原和放牧的良好牧草[2]。雷琪等[3]研究表明，扁穗冰草对青海省高寒草地建设和生态治理工程实施有推广和利用价值;贾倩民等[4]在荒漠草原盐碱地研究发现扁穗冰草和蒙古冰草（Agropyron mongolicum Keng）有较强的抗旱能力。……