仝雅娜 李凤菊 杜中平 崔少杰 尹卫 李扬 华明艳 宋兰芳 孔维东 赵媛

摘    要：为深入了解蚯蚓粪对草莓产量、品质的影响效果，以‘红颜草莓为供试材料，以蚯蚓粪与基质（蛭石∶草炭∶珍珠岩=1∶1∶1）为培养介质，设置5个不同的蚯蚓粪和基质（V/V）配比处理，分别为0∶4，1∶3，2∶2，3∶1，4∶0，研究了日光温室中上述5种不同配比复合基质栽培对草莓果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明，V/V配比为2∶2时，地上地下部分的鲜质量、干质量、单株产量、叶绿素相对含量、可溶性糖含量均高于其他处理，V/V配比为3∶1时，平均单果质量、维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量最高，对照处理可滴定酸含量最低。除叶绿素相对含量、果实个数与蚯蚓粪用量呈负相关外，其他指标为正相关。蚯蚓粪用量与平均单果质量和可溶性固形物含量相关关系显著。综合评价结果表明，蚯蚓粪和基质（V/V）配比2∶2的处理最好，有助于提高草莓产量和品质。

关键词：蚯蚓粪;草莓;单株产量;单果质量;品质

中图分类号：S606+2;S668.4         文獻标识码：A          DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.05.007

Abstract： To deeply understand the effect of vermicompost on the yield and quality of strawberries， the 'beauty strawberry' was used as the test material， vermicompost and substrate （vermiculite∶peat∶perlite=1∶1∶1） were used as raw materials， five different ratios of vermicompost and substrate （V/V） treatments including 0∶4， 1∶3， 2∶2， 3∶1， 4∶0 were set， and the effects on the yield and quality of strawberry fruit were studied in the solar greenhouse. The results showed that the fresh weight and dry mass， yield per plant， relative chlorophyll content， and soluble sugar content of the aboveground and underground parts at the V/V ratio of 2∶2 were higher than those of other treatments. At the V/V ratio of 3∶1， the average quality of single fruit， the content of vitamin C， and the content of soluble solids were all the highest，  the content of titratable acid in the control was the lowest. Except for the relative content of chlorophyll and number of fruits had a negative correlation with the amount of vermicompost， the other indicators were positively correlated with the amount of vermicompost. The dosage of vermicompost was significantly correlated with the average fruit weight and soluble solids content. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the treatment was the best at the vermicompost and substrate（V/V） ratio of 2∶2， which could effectively increase the yield of strawberries， and significantly improve the quality of strawberries.

Key words： vermicompost; strawberry; yield per plant; fruit weight; quality

蚯蚓粪是蚯蚓的排泄物，质轻、粒细、均匀、无异味，孔隙度高，通气、排水和持水性能好，含有氮、磷、钾、铁、锰、铜、硼等多种元素[1]，并且含有较高的矿质营养元素和多种植物生长调节物质[2]。蚯蚓粪含有的腐殖酸类物质对蛋白合成及植物营养吸收产生一定影响，同时其内含有的大量有益微生物能使复杂的物质转化为易被植物吸收的简单有效的物质[3]。施肥是改善基质理化性质、提高作物产量、改善设施蔬菜品质的重要因素[4]。……