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混合盐碱胁迫对矮牵牛种子萌发的影响

2021-08-06王智威苏冉杜文秀桑慧彤李海云

天津农业科学 2021年5期

王智威 苏冉 杜文秀 桑慧彤 李海云

摘    要:采用培养皿滤纸法研究了不同浓度(0,30,60,90,120 mmol·L-1)的混合盐碱(NaCl与 Na2CO3等摩尔混合)溶液对矮牵牛种子萌发的影响。结果表明,矮牵牛种子的萌发率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚芽长及胚根长均随盐碱溶液浓度的增加而下降,其中活力指数和胚芽长下降幅度最大,说明混合盐碱胁迫抑制矮牵牛种子的萌发,活力指数和胚芽长是敏感指标;根据各指标回归线性方程的综合分析,得出矮牵牛种子萌发期耐盐碱适宜浓度范围≤31.30 mmol·L-1,半致死浓度和极限浓度分别为61.84,110.71 mmol·L-1。

关键词:矮牵牛;盐碱胁迫;种子萌发;半致死浓度

中图分类号:S661.2          文献标识码:A         DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.05.001

Abstract:The effects of different concentrations (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 mmol·L-1) of complex saline-alkali (equal molar mixture of NaCl and Na2CO3) on seed germination of Petunia hybrida were studied by using the method of petri dish filter paper. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, length of germ and radicle of Petunia hybrida seeds decreased with the increase of saline-alkali solution concentration, among which vigor index and germ length had the biggest decline ranges. These results indicated that complex saline-alkali inhibited the germination of Petunia hybrida seeds, and vigor index and germ length were sensitive indexes. According to the comprehensive analysis of the regression linear equation of each index, we could concluded that the suitable concentration range of complex saline-alkali tolerance of Petunia hybrida seeds during germination was less than 31.30 mmol·L-1, the half lethal concentration and the limit concentration were 61.84 and 110.71 mmol·L-1 respectively.

Key words: Petunia hybrida;saline-alkali stress; seed germination; half lethal concentration

盐碱化土壤在世界范围内广泛分布[1],盐碱胁迫会导致植物吸水困难、离子失衡,從而抑制植物的生长发育[2]。盐碱胁迫已经成为制约农业生产和土壤生产力的主要因素之一。盐碱化土地是我国重要的土地资源,面积约为 9.87×108 hm2,居世界第3位[3]。因此,盐碱土资源的开发利用是亟待解决的问题之一。

草本植物是盐碱地植被建设的重要组成部分[4],目前选择耐盐碱草本植物是开发利用盐碱化土壤的重要举措。植物种子萌发期对盐碱胁迫较为敏感[5],而种子能否在盐碱胁迫条件下正常萌发是开发利用盐碱化土壤的决定性因素。前人对盐、碱胁迫的研究大多集中于单纯的盐胁迫或碱胁迫,而对混合盐碱胁迫的研究较少。实际上,我国大部分盐碱土壤中中性盐(NaCl、Na2SO4)和碱性盐(NaHCO3、Na2CO3)并存,其中又以NaCl和Na2CO3为主,所以混合盐碱胁迫才是盐碱土开发利用中存在的主要问题。……

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