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七氟烷对老年大鼠认知功能和海马突触可塑性的影响

2021-07-28雷华娟滕永杰税林辉周宁博陈梦黄若茹刘柏炎

湖南中医药大学学报 2021年6期
关键词:认知功能

雷华娟 滕永杰 税林辉 周宁博 陈梦 黄若茹 刘柏炎

〔摘要〕 目的 观察七氟烷对老年大鼠认知功能和海马突触可塑性的影响。方法 30只老年SD大鼠随机分为对照组(C组)和七氟烷组(S组),每组15只,S组暴露于3%七氟烷、30% O2、5% CO2环境,C组暴露于30% O2和5% CO2环境,每天干预2 h,连续3 d。于干预结束前1 h(T0)、干预停止(T1)、干预停止后1 h(T2)、干预停止后2 h(T3)测试大鼠大脑中动脉收缩期最大流速(peak systolic velocity, PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(end diastolic velocity, EDV)和阻力指數(resistance index, RI)的变化,观察大脑中动脉血流动力学情况;于干预停止后24 h(T4)、48 h(T5)、72 h(T6)应用水迷宫和旷场实验测试大鼠的认知功能和情绪状态;并用透视电子显微镜观察大鼠的突触面积和囊泡面积。结果 大脑中动脉血流动力学显示,与C组比较,S组T0大脑中动脉血管RI、PSV、EDV降低,T1以后大脑中动脉血流阻力逐渐恢复;七氟烷暴露后3 d,与C组比较,S组T4、T5潜伏期增加,寻找平台时间延长,穿梭次数减少(P<0.05);旷场实验显示,七氟烷干预后,与C组比较,S组T4、T5周围格活动增加,中央格活动时间减少,直立次数增加(P<0.05);透射电子显微镜显示,与C组比较,S组大鼠的突触面积、囊泡面积减少(P<0.05)。结论 七氟烷暴露可扩张大脑中动脉,扩张血管的作用很快就消失;重复暴露于七氟烷的SD老年大鼠可出现认知功能损害,并容易发生焦虑;七氟烷通过改变神经元突触的可塑性而损伤SD老年大鼠海马的认知功能。

〔关键词〕 七氟烷;老年大鼠;认知功能;海马神经元;突触可塑性;大脑中动脉;血流动力学

〔中图分类号〕R277.7;R614        〔文献标志码〕A       〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2021.06.005

Effects of Sevoflurane on Cognitive Function and Hippocampus Synaptic Plasticity in Aged Rats

LEI Huajuan1,2, TENG Yongjie1, SHUI Linhui1, ZHOU Ningbo1, CHEN Meng1, HUANG Ruoru2, LIU Boyan2*

(1. Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China; 2. Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China)

〔Abstract〕 Objective To observe the sevoflurane intervention on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in hippocampus of aged rats. Methods 30 SD aged rats were randomly divided into the control group (group C) and sevoflurane group (group S), with 15 rats in each group. Group S was exposed to 3% sevoflurane, 30% oxygen, 5% CO2, group C was exposed to 30% oxygen, 5% CO2 for 2 hours, 3 days in total. The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI) were measure to test middle cerebral artery velocity on 1 hour before the end of sevoflurane intervention (T0), immediate end of sevoflurane intervention (T1), 1 hour after the end of sevoflurane intervention (T2), 2 hour after the end of sevoflurane intervention (T3). The cognitive function and emotional state were measured by water maze test and open field test on 24 hours (T4), 48 hours (T5) and 72 hours (T6) after the end of sevoflurane intervention, and hippocampus synaptic vesicles and area was measured by transmission electron microscopy. Results Hemodynamics of the middle cerebral artery showed that, compared with group C, RI, PSV and EDV of middle cerebral artery in group S decreased on T0, middle cerebral artery resistance gradually restored after T1. Compared with group C, the latency on T4 and T5 increased, platform searching time increased, the crossing times reduced in group S after 3 days of sevoflurane exposure (P<0.05). Open field experiments showed that, compared with group C, the peripheral lattice activity time increased, central lattice activity time decreased, the number of standing time was increased on T4 and T5 in group S after 3 days of sevoflurane exposure (P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy showed hippocampus synaptic area, vesicle size decreased in group S compared with group C (P<0.05 ). Conclusion Exposure to sevoflurane can dilate the middle cerebral artery and the vessel dilating effect soon disappeared. The repeated exposure to sevoflurane can impair cognitive function on aged SD rats, and the aged SD rats were prone to anxiety. Sevoflurane could impair cognitive function of aged SD rats by altering the synaptic plasticity on hippocampal neurons.

〔Keywords〕 sevoflurane; aged rat; cognitive function; hippocampal neuron; synapse plasticity; middle cerebral artery;

hemodynamics

海马是学习、记忆等认知功能的高级中枢,海马锥体神经元密集,结构相对较简单,也是整个中枢神经系统中对缺血、缺氧、炎症等各种损伤耐受能力最差的部位之一[1]。吸入麻醉药对海马神经的损伤作用导致术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction, POCD)已经在全球范围内得到广泛的重视[2]。目前,七氟烷暴露导致海马损伤的作用机制尚未研究清楚。炎症[3]、钙超载[4]、凋亡[5]、离子超载和铁死亡[6]等是七氟烷致海马损伤的可能机制。突触是学习、记忆的基础,神经元突触的可塑性包括神经元的突起和突触数量、形态及功能的变化,是神经系统生长发育、神经元损伤与修复、认知行为和学习记忆的神经生物学基础[7]。……

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