杜洋文 程军勇 周席华 邓先珍 刘侃

摘 要： 以薄壳山核桃实生苗为砧木，在8月份通过采用方块芽接法，研究砧木留存复叶数量、砧木遮阴度、砧木浇水时间、穗条不同部位芽、砧木不同粗度和气温对嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明：砧木以留存4片和2片复叶嫁接成活率较高，分别为91.11%和75.00%;砧木20%～40%和40%～70%遮陰度嫁接成活率较高，分别为73.89%和65.28%;砧木嫁接前1 d浇水和嫁接前当天浇水嫁接成活率较高，分别为78.19%和53.68%;采用穗条中部芽和底部芽嫁接成活率较高，分别为95.55%和88.89%;砧木粗度为3.0～4.9 cm和2.0～2.9 cm嫁接成活率较高，分别为74.00%和66.62%;气温为32～34 ℃时嫁接成活率较高为78.89%。因此，选择适宜的砧木和接穗能显著提高嫁接成活率。

关键词： 薄壳山核桃;穗条;砧木;成活率;

中图分类号：S664.1   文献标识码：A   文章编号：1004-3020（2021）01-0013-05

Effects of Different Factors on the Graft Survival Rate and Growth of Carya illinoensis

Du Yangwen（1，2，3） Cheng Junyong（1，2，3） Zhou Xihua（4） Deng Xianzhen（1，2，3） Liu Kan（5）

（1.Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources

Comprehensive Utilization Wuhan 430075;2.Hubei Academy of Forestry Wuhan 430075;

3.Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Woody Oil-Bearing Forest Wuhan 430075;

4.Hubei Forest Rest Control and Quarantine Wuhan 430079;

5.Hongan Forestry Survey Planning and Design Institute Huanggang 438400）

Abstract： Annual Carya illinoensis seedlings were used as stock to carry out square budding grafting in August，to study the effects of umber of leaves retained in rootstock，shade degree of rootstock，watering time of rootstock，bud of different parts of scion，different coarseness of rootstock and temperature on the graft survival rate and growth.The results showed that：the graft survival rate of 4 and 2 leaves retained in rootstock were higher，which was 91.11% and 75.00% respectively.The survival rate of 20%～40% and 40%～70% shade grafting of rootstock was higher，73.89% and 65.28%，respectively.First day before rootstock grafting，the survival rate was 78.19% and 53.68% respectively.The survival rate of middle bud and bottom bud grafting was 95.55% and 88.89% respectively.The survival rate of rootstock 3.0～4.9cm and 2.0～2.9cm was 74.00% and 66.62%，respectively.When the temperature is 32～34 ℃，the higher survival rate is 78.89%.Therefore，the selection of suitable rootstock and scion can significantly improve the survival rate of grafting.

Key words： Carya illinoensis;stock;scion;graft survival rate

薄壳山核桃Carya illinoensis又名美国山核桃，长山核桃，为胡桃科Julandaceae山核桃属Carya的一种落叶乔木[1-2]，是世界著名的干果油料树种之一[3]。薄壳山核桃果仁色美味香，无涩味，营养丰富，含对人体有益的各种氨基酸比油橄榄高，还富含维生素B1、B2，备受人们的喜爱[4]。

近年来，薄壳山核桃在浙江、江苏、云南等地迅猛发展，对优质种苗需求量大。由于薄壳山核桃实生苗造林周期长、结果期晚、种子变异大，不利于产业发展。薄壳山核桃优质嫁接苗因其投产早、品质优、成熟期一致等优点成为产业发展的首选[5]。因此，采用优质嫁接苗造林成为目前产业发展的必要趋势和必然要求。薄壳山核桃由于单宁含量高，穗条和砧木的选择不当，造成嫁接成活率严重偏低，成为种苗繁育的重大阻碍[6-9]。……