杨佳伟 张维 刘学全 李细牛 张琳 郑兰英

摘 要： 结合鄂西北石漠化区困难立地造林需求，以保水剂、覆膜处理后的侧柏苗木为研究对象，在鄂西北山地营造侧柏幼林，研究分析保水剂、覆膜处理对石漠化山地造林成效的影响。结果表明：保水剂、覆膜处理后侧柏幼树地径生长差异达显著水平（p<0.05）、高生长差异达极显著水平（p<0.01）;保水剂、覆膜处理后的3 a生侧柏幼树地径主要集中于14～22 mm，平均地径为17.32 mm，较对照样地高出5.93%;幼树高度主要集中于70～130 cm，平均高度为105.17 cm，较对照样地高出55.62%;造林成活率达94.5%，较对照样地高39.4个百分点，保存率达91.9%，较对照样地高42.3个百分点;保水剂、覆膜处理后侧柏苗木造林可一次成林，同时降低造林成本约16.86%。

关键词： 鄂西北;石漠化;侧柏;保水剂;覆膜;造林成效

中图分类号：S728.1   文献标识码：A   文章编号：1004-3020（2021）01-0001-05

Effect Analysis of a Afforestation Technique on Difficult Site in Rocky

Desertification Area of Northwest Hubei Province

Yang Jiawei（1） Zhang Wei（1） Liu Xuequan（1） Li Xiniu（2） Zhang Lin（2） Zheng Lanying（1）

（1.Hubei Academy of Forestry Wuhan 430000;

2.Shiyan Municipal Forestry and Scientific Institute Shiyan 442000）

Abstract：According to the needs of afforestation in difficult sites in rocky desertification area of Northwest Hubei Province，the saplings of Platycladus orientalis treated with water retaining agent and film mulching were taken as the research objects，and the effects of water retaining agent and film mulching on afforestation effect of Platycladus orientalis were studied and analyzed.The results showed that the ground diameter growth difference of Platycladus orientalis saplings was significant （p< 0.05），and the height growth difference was extremely significant （p< 0.01）.The ground diameter of 3-year-old Platycladus orientalis saplings after water retaining agent and film mulching treatment was mainly 14～22 mm，with an average ground diameter of 17～32 mm，5.93% higher than that of the control plot.The height of saplings mainly concentrated in 70～130 cm，the average height was 105.17cm，55.62% higher than the control plot.the survival rate of afforestation was 94.5%，39.36 percentage points higher than the control plot，the preservation rate was 91.9%，42.30 percentage points higher than the control plot.The Platycladus orientalis saplings could be planted in one time after the treatment of water retaining agent and film mulching，and the afforestation cost was reduced by 16.86%.

Key words： Northwest Hubei Province;rocky desertification;Platycladus orientalis;water retaining agent;film mulching;afforestation effect

鄂西北地区是中国自然地理南北过渡的重要地区，也是中国南水北调中线工程的重要水源区，丹江口库区生态环境保护意义重大。试验所在地郧阳区自1994年被长江水利委员会列为丹江口库区水土保持重点防治区以来，先后开展了长江中上游水土保持重点治理、黄龙滩库区坡改梯綜合治理试点、丹江口库区水土保持重点治理等工程，治理小流域水土流失面积达1 766.24 km2[1]，治理成效显著。但仍有部分区域由于早期不科学的森林经营以及不合理开垦耕种导致水土流失，形成基岩出露、土层瘠薄的困难立地，探索科学高效、适应区域营造林需求的植被恢复模式刻不容缓。

本试验以侧柏为主要试验材料进行研究。侧柏Platycladus orientalis为多年生常绿乔木，具有耐干旱瘠薄，适应性强且寿命长的特性，是石质山区、岩溶石漠化地区主要造林树种之一，全国南北均有分布，尤其北方地区广布，是中低山的地带性植被[2]。目前，国内学者关于侧柏人工林的研究主要集中于其养分元素分配及循环特征[3-5]，生物量及碳储量[6-7]、枯落物水文效应[8-9]、水分利用策略[10]与水分胁迫机理[11]、密度效应[12]、生态化学计量[13]及育苗技术[14]等方面。……