安怡　张钦红

摘要：在以动力电池生产企业作为退役电池回收主体的闭环供应链中，研究了动力电池生产企业关于退役电池梯次利用和拆解再生的选择决策问题以及动力电池的可再制造水平的设置问题，分析了环境效益以及政府补贴对决策的影响。结论表明：（1）以动力电池的健康状态为选择依据，当退役电池的健康状态高于某阈值时，梯次利用的经济收益高于直接拆解，且阈值的设置与单位退役电池拆解回收的经济价值、退役电池梯次利用和拆解的基础可变成本以及折现率相关;（2）动力电池的可再制造水平与退役电池的回收数量、电池容量衰减率以及退役电池拆解回收的经济价值相关;（3）在鼓励退役电池先梯次利用后拆解再生的背景下，可通过政府补贴达到经济效益与环境效益最优的阈值与可再制造水平，且补贴金额随着电池回收比例的提升以及电池容量衰减率的降低而逐渐减少;（4）动力电池生产企业在提高动力电池循环性能方面进行研发投入可以促进退役电池的梯次利用。

关键词：动力电池;健康状态;梯次利用;拆解;再制造设计

Decision Making of Power Battery Recycling Considering Remanufacturing Design

An Yi* ZHANG Qinhong

（Sino-US Global Logistics Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University， Shanghai， 200030 China）

Abstract： In a closed-loop supply chain with power battery manufacturers is responsible for the collection of retired battery， we investigate the choice between repurposing and recycling of retired battery and the level of remanufacturing of new battery. We also explore the influences of environmental effects and subsidy policy on the results. We conclude that： （1） there is a threshold value of state of health（SOH） above which repurposing is more profitable， and the threshold value is related to the economic value of recycling a retired battery， the basic variable cost of the repurposing and recycling of a retired battery， and the discount rate; （2） the level of remanufacturing is related to the quantity of collection batteries， the rate of capacity degradation， and the economic value of recycling of a retired battery; （3） government subsidy can achieve the optimal threshold value of SOH and the level of remanufacturing for economic and environmental benefits， and the intensity of subsidy will decrease if the recycling rate of retired battery increases and the rate of capacity degradation decreases; （4） power battery manufacturers R&D investment in improving the recycle performance of power battery can promote the repurposing of retired battery.

Key Words： Retired battery; State of health; Echelon utilization; Disassemble; Design for remanufacturing

0 引言

近年來，随着新能源汽车的普及，动力电池装机量随之攀升，与此同时也带来了动力电池的规模化退役。通常，当汽车动力电池使用3～5年，剩余容量降为标称容量的70%～80%时，新能源汽车应更换动力电池。退役的动力电池主要有梯次利用和拆解再生两种处理方式，其中，梯……