彭迎春　李旋　窦正毅　宁小春

摘 要 目的：分析超重與肥胖对广西3-6岁幼儿体质的影响，为探索适合的肥胖干预时间和干预方式提供依据。方法：采用分层整群随机抽样调查方法，对广西14个市县2208名3-6岁幼儿国民体质监测数据进行整理，包括：身高、体重、10米折返跑、立定跳远、双脚连续跳。通过SPSS软件对不同年龄、性别及BMI分组儿童的身体素质指标进行统计学分析。结果：6岁广西男性幼儿的立定跳远结果，不同BMI组间的差异有统计学意义（p<0.01）;广西3岁和5岁女性幼儿的立定跳远结果，不同BMI组间的差异具有统计学意义（p<0.05）;广西3岁和5岁男性幼儿，不同BMI组间双脚连续跳的比较具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;广西3岁女性幼儿，不同BMI组间的10米折返跑的比较有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：超重和肥胖对广西3-6岁幼儿的灵敏、速度等指标的影响，在学龄前期开始有不同程度的显现。

关键词 肥胖 超重 广西3-6岁幼儿 身体素质 国民体质监测

中图分类号：R179                                 文献标识码：A  DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.11.061

A Preliminary Analysis of the Influence of Overweight and Obesity

on the Physique of 3-6-year-old Children in Guangxi

PENG Yingchun， LI Xuan， DOU Zhengyi， NING Xiaochun

（School of Exercise Science and Health， Guangxi Sports College， Nanning， Guangxi 530012）

Abstract Objective to analyze the influence of overweight and obesity on the physique of 3-6-year-old children in Guangxi， and to provide the basis for exploring the suitable intervention time and mode. Methods by using stratified cluster random sampling method， 2208 children aged 3-6 years old in 14 cities and counties of Guangxi were collected， including height， weight， 10 meter turn back run， standing long jump and two foot continuous jump. SPSS software was used to analyze the physical fitness indexes of children in different age， gender and BMI groups. result The results of standing long jump of 6-year-old male children in Guangxi showed statistically significant difference among different BMI groups （P < 0.01）; the results of standing long jump of 3-year-old and 5-year-old female children in Guangxi showed statistically significant difference among different BMI groups （P < 0.05）; the results of standing long jump of 3-year-old and 5-year-old male children in Guangxi showed statistically significant difference among different BMI groups （P < 0.05）; the results of standing long jump of 3-year-old and 5-year-old female children in Guangxi showed statistically significant difference among different BMI groups （P < 0.05）， There was statistical significance in the comparison of 10 meter turn back run between different BMI groups （P < 0.01）. Conclusion the effects of overweight and obesity on the sensitivity and speed of 3-6-year-old children in Guangxi begin to appear in different degrees in preschool.

Keywords obesity; overweight; 3-6-year-old children in Guangxi; physical quality; national physique monitoring

目前，儿童和青少年肥胖是世界范围内的一个主要公共卫生问题，甚至在幼儿园的超重和肥胖也出现了上升趋势。[1]研究表明，肥胖会影响儿童的正常生长发育，造成一些器官和系统功能性损伤，增加成年后高血压、糖尿病、肥胖症等心血管疾病和代谢性疾病的发生率，[2]肥胖也会对儿童和青少年的骨骼形态结构、步态、行走运动学参数等都会产生不良的影响，[3-4]但文献报道的对象多集中在7-18岁之间，肥胖对3-6岁幼儿身体素质的影响报道较少。而3-6岁作为运动技能学习的重要阶段，超重和肥胖对幼儿身体素质的发展是否有影响，是否应该在该年龄段就开始干预超重和肥胖等相关危险因素，值得进一步研究和探讨。

本研究首次对2208名广西壮族自治区的3-6岁幼儿的身体素质相关指标进行了分析，旨在了解3-6岁幼儿身体素质的发展是否受到超重和肥胖的影响，为学龄前期儿童进行超重和肥胖的干预提供科学依据。……