宋道传

[摘    要]在生产线上对制动盘开展的自动检测，检测时需要选择无损检测方法中的磁粉检测法。从原理和差异性方面，对磁粉检测工作和真伪缺陷进行了简述，分析了传统的梯度法等手段，并以此为基础，对各种算法和分析法进行了结合，在分析和提取图片灰度值的过程中，采用了MATLAB软件，使得检测环节免去了对人工的需求，进而实现了全自动化的目标。通过实验对该方法的验证，能够使真伪缺陷的识别更准确，进而促进检测精度的提升，并实现对检测时间的节省，在流水线检测制动盘方面较为适用。

[关键词]制动盘;磁粉检测;图像处理;缺陷识别;自动化

[中图分类号]TG115.28;TP391.41 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]2095–6487（2021）03–0–02

[Abstract]In the automatic testing of brake disc on the production line， the magnetic particle testing method should be selected. In this paper， from the principle and differences， the work of magnetic particle testing and the true and false defects are briefly described， and the traditional gradient method and other means are analyzed. Based on this， various algorithms and analysis methods are combined. In the process of analyzing and extracting the gray value of the picture， matlab software is used， so that the detection link is free of the need for manual work， and then the goal of full automation is realized Bid. Through the experimental verification of this method， it can make the identification of true and false defects have accuracy， and promote the improvement of detection accuracy， and realize the saving of detection time， which is more suitable for assembly line detection of brake disc.

[Keywords]brake disc; magnetic particle testing; image processing; defect recognition; automation

1 檢测方法和原理

无损检测中主要涉及了力学检测、光学检测以及射线检测等方法。无损检测能够从宏观角度对材料和结构的缺陷进行检测，以此来为人们提供满足要求的生活和工业。无损检测法中目前应用最为广泛的就是涡流检测法以及磁粉检测法等。与磁粉检测法相比，其他检测法有着如表1所示的劣势。

制动盘通常包含的磁性物质有灰铸铁或合金铸铁，如Cr、Ni等，通过磁粉检测能够实现对裂纹、夹杂等各种缺陷的发现，并且能够从形状和严重度方面，对其进直观地体现，灵敏度较高，最小可以对0.1 μm的宽度进行检测，突破了形状的限制，通过对各种磁化法的利用，能够实现对任意位置的检测，所以磁粉检测最具优势。磁粉检测利用磁场线在缺陷处的外泄，来吸附荧光磁粉，进而使山峰能够具有中间比两端多的形状。……