王朴 梁玉婷 康凯丽

摘要 从湿地植物修复水体能力，湿地植物在水体修复中应用形式以及影响植物修复效果等方面对植物修复富营养水体的研究进行总结，并对植物修复工作进行了展望。植物材料对氮磷吸收能力不同，筛选净化能力好的植物是植物修复工作的基础。植物修复富营养化的形式主要是浮床、浮岛、湿地等，在此基础上配合水生动物、微生物净化水体的案例越来越多。基于植物对富营养化修复的研究现状，建议今后筛选氮磷去除能力强的湿生植物，首先要考虑本地区存在的优势物种，具有抗寒抗冻且不易感染病虫害的植物;根据不同水体环境和类型构建多种形态组合的湿地或浮床，在湿地和浮床构建中引入新技术也是一种趋势;另外开展模型预测等多学科研究有待加强。

关键词 植物;修复;富营养化;水体

中图分类号 X-52  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）12-0008-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.003

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Application of Wetland Plants in Eutrophic Water Phytoremediation

WANG Pu，LIANG Yu ting，KANG Kai li （Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture，Wuhan，Hubei 430081）

Abstract This paper summarized the research work of phytoremediation of eutrophic water bodies from the aspects of the phytoremediation capability，form of wetland plants application in water body remediation and the influence of phytoremediation effect，and put forward to the prospect of phytoremediation.Plant materials have different ability to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus，it is the basis of phytoremediation.Floating beds，floating islands，wetlands are the main forms of phytoremediation in eutrophication water.There are more and more cases of hygrophyte with aquatic animals and microorganisms purify water.Based on the current status of plant research on eutrophication，it is suggested to select hygrophyte with strong nitrogen and phosphorus removal ability in the future.The dominant species existing in the region should be considered first，which are cold resistant and frost resistant and are not easy to be infected with diseases and insect pests.It is also a trend to introduce new technology into the construction of wetland and floating bed，which is composed of multiple forms according to different water environment and types.In addition，the development of model prediction and other multidisciplinary research needs to be strengthened.

Key words Plant;Phytoremediation;Eutrophic;Water

富营养化通常指营养盐输入使水体的生产力增加的一个自然过程。营养盐的输入是一个自然过程，但近几十年来各种人类活动增加，导致过量的营养盐向水体输入，水体中藻类加速累积，由此产生一系列后果，包括有害和有毒藻华、溶解氧耗盡和水下植被及底栖动物损失。这些因素是互相关联的，通常认为水体富营养化对水质、生态系统健康和人类具有负面影响[1-6]。富营养化是当今人类快速发展所面临的重大环境问题。随着工业的快速发展，水体富营养化已成为全球性的水域环境污染问题。……