APP下载

试论明清时期陕西茶品牌的嬗变

2021-07-16姚健樊志民

安徽农业科学 2021年12期

姚健 樊志民

摘要 明清两朝陕西茶大致经历从汉中茶、泾阳茶到紫阳茶的阶段,每一阶段茶对于当时经济政治文化都产生了重要的作用,其制茶技艺各有特点。明清时期陕西茶品牌嬗变是由茶马贸易制度的演变、人口迁徙融合、内在文化濡化等因素造成的,陕西茶的发展有利于推动统一的多民族国家形成,有利于促使制茶技艺简化,有利于陕西地区经济水平的发展。

关键词 汉中茶;泾阳茶;紫阳茶;茶马贸易

中图分类号 S-058-  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2021)12-0248-05

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.065

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

On the Evolution of Shaanxi Tea in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

YAO Jian,FAN Zhi min (Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)

Abstract Shaanxi tea in the Ming and Qing dynasties roughly went through stages from Hanzhong tea, Jingyang tea to Ziyang tea. Each stage of tea played an important role in the economy, politics and culture at that time, and its tea making techniques had their own characteristics. The brand evolution of Shaanxi tea during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was caused by the evolution of the tea horse trade system, population migration and integration, and internal culture. The development of Shaanxi tea is conducive to promoting the formation of a unified multi ethnic country, facilitating the simplification of tea making techniques, and promoting the development of Shaanxi regional economic level.

Key words Hanzhong tea;Jingyang tea;Ziyang tea;Tea horse trade

茶葉起源于我国西南地区,由于社会经济及茶文化的发展,陕西南部成为我国最北界、最重要的茶区之一。陕南独具的纬度、海拔与湿热的气候条件是优质茶叶生产的先天优势,因此陕南茶叶早在唐代便受到人们重视,陆羽在《茶经》中记载,山南“金州 、梁州又下”[1],唐代陆羽将汉水中上游划为山南茶区。山南茶区茶叶品质优良,是上贡朝廷的主要贡品之一,《新唐书·地理志》记载,兴元府(今陕西汉中市)“土贡毂、蜡、红蓝燕脂、夏蒜、冬笥、糟瓜、柑、枇杷、茶”,金州(今陕西安康市)“土贡麸金、茶牙、椒、干漆、白胶香、枳壳、雷丸、枳实、黄蘗,有橘官”[2]。宋代疆域缩小,为了战事需要而进行的茶马贸易促进了陕南茶业的繁荣。陕南开始大面积种植茶叶,宋代苏辙在《论蜀茶五害状》里提到,洋州和兴元府三泉县人户以种茶为生[3]。洋州“西乡县产茶,亘陵谷八百余里”[4]。金州也产茶,“永兴等路,惟是金州所出,乃影带透漏山南私茶或南方杂伪末茶,其价高贵,陕西之民良以为苦”[5]。……

登录APP查看全文