现代性视角下农民建房观念的变迁研究——基于豫南Y村的实地调查
2021-07-16杨思洁张红
杨思洁 张红


摘要 通过对40年来豫南Y村的农民建房状况进行调查,发现其变化主要体现在3个方面:建房标准由能够“遮风避雨”向追求“舒适美观”转变;建房动机由“内部需求型”向“内外混合型”转变;建房意愿由“安土重迁”向“被动建房”转变,这些是现代性因素对农村经济、文化、社会关系等不断作用的结果,但其中一些传统观念的影响依然存在,农民在不断建房实践中逐渐形成自己所遵循的生活逻辑。
关键词 现代性;农民;建房观念;生活逻辑
中图分类号 C-913 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)12-0220-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.058
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Research on the Changes of Farmers Concept of Building Houses from the Perspective of Modernity—Based on the Survey on Y Village in the South Regions of Henan Province
YANG Si jie, ZHANG Hong (College of Humanities and Social Development, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100)
Abstract Based on the investigation on the status of farmers housing construction in Y Village in the southern regions of Henan Province in the past 40 years, it was found that the changes were mainly reflected in three aspects: the change of housing standards from being able to “shelter from the wind and rain” to the pursuit of “comfort and beauty”;the change of motivation from “internal demand” to “internal and external mixed demand”;and the change of willingness to build houses from “immobility” to “passive building”. These were the results of the continuous effect of modernity factors on rural economy, culture and social relations, but some of the traditional ideas still existed, farmers gradually formed their own life logic in the building practice.
Key words Modernity;Farmers;Housing concept;Life logic
1 问题的提出
长期以来,房子本身作为一个建筑空间,具有居住、储藏的基本功能,经过人类生活的演变,因其以血亲关系为纽带,承载了家庭观念、社会关系等,并不断被赋予财富、脸面等内涵,成为人们安身立命的根本。尤其是农村地区,受传统文化的影响,建房一直被农民认为是维系长期生存和家庭代际传递的人生大事[1-2],由此形成了对于建房的热衷和追求。此外,房屋由农民自行建造居住,是农民生活状况和文化观念的重要反映,也是关乎农村发展的重要民生问题,具有重要的研究价值。
通过对相关文献进行梳理,从研究内容来看,主要集中在以下方面:一是对农民建房热潮的产生及原因分析,董占锁等[3]发现农村建房热潮具有普遍性、升级性和不可阻挡性。张勇昌[4]指出“建房热”在农村的出现并非偶然,而是经济发展、传统观念和行为间的感染等共同作用的结果。……
