聂烁 吴佳怡 程乃雪 闻正顺 王文策

摘要 [目的]制备辣木叶粗多糖并研究其单糖组成和抗氧化活性。[方法]以华南地区辣木叶为原料，水提醇沉法、Sevage法、過氧化氢（H2O2）法提取辣木叶粗多糖，水解衍生化分析单糖组成，并通过DPPH自由基清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力、还原力等指标评价辣木叶粗多糖体外抗氧化活性。[结果]该试验所制备的辣木叶粗多糖提取率为7.16%，测得纯度为84.33%。辣木叶粗多糖的单糖组成有甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖，各占56.88%、14.44%、10.54%、9.45%和4.13%。另外，试验表明辣木叶粗多糖具有良好的自由基清除能力，抗氧化活性较好且与浓度呈正相关。[结论]该研究为辣木叶多糖的深入研究和开发利用提供科学依据。

关键词 辣木叶;粗多糖;制备;单糖组成;抗氧化活性

中图分类号 R-285  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）12-0183-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.047

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on Preparation，Monosaccharide Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Polysaccharide from Moringa oleifera Leaves

NIE Shuo，WU Jia yi，CHENG Nai xue et al （School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics，Zhejiang Ocean University，Zhoushan，Zhejiang 316022）

Abstract [Objective]To prepare crude polysaccharides from Moringa oleifera leaves and to study its monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity. [Method]Using Moringa oleifera leaves in South China as raw materials，the crude polysaccharides of Moringa oleifera leaves were extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method，Sevage method，and hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） method. The anti oxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves polysaccharide was evaluated by indicators such as DPPH free radical scavenging ability，hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability，superoxide anion free radical scavenging ability and reducing power. [Result]The extraction rate of crude polysaccharide from Moringa oleifera leaves prepared in this experiment was 7.16%，and the measured purity was 84.33%. Moringa oleifera leaves crude polysaccharides consist of mannose，rhamnose，glucose，galactose and xylose，which account for 56.88%，14.44%，10.54%，9.45% and 4.13% respectively. In addition，the experiment showed that the crude polysaccharide of Moringa oleifera leaves had good free radical scavenging ability，good antioxidant activity and positive correlation with concentration.[Conclusion]The study provides scientific basis for further research and development of Moringa oleifera leaves.

Key words Moringa oleifera leaf;Crude polysaccharide;Preparation;Monosaccharide composition;Antioxidant activity

辣木（Moringa oleifera Lam.）又称鼓槌树，源自印度，因其抗旱抗冻特性广泛种植于世界各国[1]。辣木叶、花、果实、种子、种子油、树皮和根等各个部位成分繁多，被广泛用于传统中药中，并作为重要营养素的丰富来源，有“生命之树”的美誉[2-3]。叶子是植物最常用的营养器官，蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、维生素等营养素在辣木叶大量存在，可被添加到食物中应用于人类和动物营养[4]。辣木叶中还存在许多生物活性成分，被证明有抗氧化[5-6]、抗炎和免疫调节[7]、抗菌[8]、抗病毒[9]、抗癌[10]、降血糖[11]、降血脂[12]及肝肾保护[13-14]等功效，因此应用于许多疾病的治疗，如氧化应激[15]、风湿性关节炎[16]、尿路感染[17]、糖尿病[18]、高血压[19]和肝损伤[20]等。……