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绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮明胶的制备工艺研究

2021-07-16靳挺武玉学包哲隈马泽锋张昂袁晨宇吴志革

安徽农业科学 2021年12期

靳挺 武玉学 包哲隈 马泽锋 张昂 袁晨宇 吴志革

摘要 [目的]利用绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮为原料制备明胶,探究鱼皮明胶制备的影响因素,获取最优工艺条件。[方法]通过单因素试验研究NaOH处理时间、乙酸处理时间、提取温度、提取时间对明胶得率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,筛选绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮明胶制备最优工艺条件。[结果]在优化的试验条件下,得出绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮明胶制备工艺的最优组合为NaOH处理时间1.0 h,乙酸处理时间3 h,提取温度80 ℃,提取时间4 h,绿鳍马面鲀鱼皮明胶的得率达15.74%。[结论]该研究可为鱼皮等下脚料的开发利用提供科学依据。

关键词 明胶;制备;绿鳍马面鲀;鱼皮

中图分类号 TS-254.9  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611(2021)12-0180-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.046

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Study on the Preparation of Gelatin from Navodon septentrionalis Fish Skin

JIN Ting, WU Yu xue,BAO Zhe wei et al

(College of Biochemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100)

Abstract [Objective]To prepare gelatin from fish skin of Navodon septentrionalis, and explore the factors affecting the preparation of fish skin gelatin and obtain the optimal process conditions. [Method]The factors such as processing time of fish skin by NaOH, processing time of fish skin by acetic acid, extracting temperature, extracting time were researched by single factor experiment and the optimum conditions were obtained by the orthogonal experiments. [Result]The optimal conditions for gelatin preparation were as following: processing time by NaOH 10 h, processing time by acetic acid 3 h, extracting temperature 80 ℃, extracting time 4 h. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of gelatin was up to 15.74%. [Conclusion] The research can provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of fish skin and other leftovers.

Key words Gelatin;Preparation;Navodon septentrionalis;Fish skin

明胶是由动物(如牛、猪等)的皮、骨等含胶原蛋白丰富的组织,经预处理转化后在适当温度下进行提取,然后加工生成的具有三元螺旋结构的高分子多肽聚合物[1]。明胶本身无毒,且具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,廣泛用于食品、制药、摄影及化妆品工业等领域[2-3]。

近年来,由于牛、猪等动物所携带传播的各种传染病(如疯牛病、口蹄疫)在全球肆虐,美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)认为应将明胶从基本安全(generally regarded as safe)名单中删除,有不少国家减少或禁止了牛、猪来源的明胶的生产、使用和进口[4-5];另一方面,由于宗教信仰,犹太教和伊斯兰教消费者排斥和拒绝使用以猪皮(骨)生产的明胶及其制品[6-7]。甚至有不法企业以工业用皮革为原料生产明胶,导致以此“明胶”为原料生产的胶囊中重金属铬(Cr)含量严重超标[8-9],给人们生命安全带来巨大危害。……

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