姜彩鸽 宋双 李茜 李颖菊 张怡

摘要 为引进和筛选防治葡萄霜霉病效果较好的新型农药品种，通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验，明确不同品种化学农药的生物活性及田间最佳施药量。结果表明， 孢子囊萌发测定法和叶盘法的测定结果基本一致，50%氟啶胺EC50最低，分别为0.74 和0.31 mg/mL，毒性最高;其次为30%苯甲·醚菌酯，EC50分别为0.91和0.37  mg/mL。与25%吡唑醚菌酯EC50差异显著。从田间防效看，50%氟啶胺药效持续性更长更好，末次药后14 d防效高达93.86%;其次为30%苯甲·醚菌酯，这与室内毒力测定结果一致。综合室内毒力测定和田间防效试验，50%氟啶胺防治葡萄霜霉病效果最佳，其次为30%苯甲·醚菌酯。依据该试验得出了符合宁夏地区葡萄霜霉病的3种药剂田间防控推荐施用量。

关键词 葡萄霜霉病;化学农药;室内毒力测定;田间防效;剂量

中图分类号 S-436.631.1  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）12-0156-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.039

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on the Prevention and Control Dose of Three Agents against Plasmopara viticola in Grape

JIANG Cai ge1， SONG Shuang1， LI Qian2 et al （1.Institute of Plant Protection，Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Yinchuan ， Ningxia 750002;2.Ningxia University，Yinchuan，  Ningxia 750021）

Abstract In order to introduce and screen new pesticide varieties with better control effect of Plasmopara viticola in grape， the biological activity of different chemical pesticides and the best dosage in the field were determined through the laboratory toxicity test and field efficacy test.The results showed that the results of sporangium germination test and leaf disk test were the same basically， the EC50 of 50% haloperidol was the lowest， 0.74 and 0.31 mg/mL respectively， with the highest toxicity.Followed by 30% difenoconazole·kresoxim methyl， the EC50 were 0.91 and 0.37 mg/mL respectively.Compared with the EC50 of 25% pyraclostrobin， the difference was significant.According to the field control effect， 50% haloperidol had a longer and better efficacy， and the control effect was 93.86% 14 days after the last application， followed by 30% difenoconazole·kresoxim methyl.The results were consistent with indoor toxicity test.According to the indoor toxicity test and field control experiment， 50% haloperidol had the best control effect on grape Plasmopara viticola，followed by 30% difenoconazole·kresoxim methyl.According to the experiment， the recommended dosage of three kinds of fungicides for controlling grape Plasmopara viticola was obtained.

Key words Plasmopara viticola;Chemical pesticide;Indoor virulence assay;Field control effect;Dose

寧夏地区得天独厚的地理和气候条件，使得宁夏成为我国生产优质酿酒葡萄的最佳生态区。近年来伴随着葡萄产业的发展和种植面积的增加，葡萄病害的发生程度也逐年加重。其中尤以葡萄生单轴霉属引起的葡萄霜霉病为重。农业生产中除采取种植抗病品种和改变种植模式外，主要依靠化学农药防治该病。但常用化学药剂的长期使用，易使葡萄霜霉病菌产生抗药性。目前，霜霉病的药剂防治中普遍存在防效偏低、病菌抗药性增强的问题[1-4]。为了筛选出防治葡萄霜霉病的新型高效药剂，笔者选用宁夏地区葡萄生产上较少使用的50%氟啶胺悬浮剂、25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂和30%苯甲·醚菌酯悬浮剂进行室内毒力测定和田间防效试验，旨在筛选出防治葡萄霜霉病效果显著的最佳药剂和最佳施用量。……