周小娟 孙毅宁 刘杰

摘要 为研究郑州市国槐的生长及健康状况，对郑州市8个区进行了抽样调查，对国槐的株高、胸径、冠幅、健康状况等进行了调查。结果表明，郑州市国槐以大、中植株为主，平均树高9.7 m，平均胸径24.6 cm，平均冠幅9.1 m;株高主要集中在7.5～13.5 m，胸径集中在13.5～35.5 cm，冠幅集中在4.0～11.0 m，调查区域内国槐的健康等级大多为Ⅲ级;株高、胸径、冠幅较大的国槐植株健康状况明显优于较小植株。通过调查分析发现，国槐在郑州市生长管理等方面存在一些问题，针对这些问题提出了建议，以期为郑州市行道树选择及栽培养护提供参考。

关键词 郑州市;国槐;生长状况;健康状况

中图分类号 S-687.1  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）12-0129-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.032

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Investigation on the Growth and Health Status of Sophora japonica in Zhengzhou City

ZHOU Xiao juan， SUN Yi ning， LIU Jie （Zhengzhou Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Science of Henan Province， Zhengzhou， Henan 450005）

Abstract In order to study the growth and health status of Sophora japonica in Zhengzhou City， a sampling survey was conducted in eight districts of Zhengzhou City.The plant height， DBH， crown width and health status of Sophora japonica were investigated.The results showed that the Sophora japonica in Zhengzhou were mainly large and medium， with an average height of 9.7 m， an average DBH of 24.6  cm and an average crown width of 9.1 m.Plant height was mainly between 7.5 and 13.5 m， DBH was between 13.5 and 35.5  cm， and crown width was between 4.0 and 11.0 m.Most health grades of Sophora japonica in the survey area were in Grade III.Sophora japonica with large values of height， DBH and crown width was better than that with small.Through investigation and analysis， it was found that there were some problems in the growth and management of Sophora japonica.Some reasonable suggestions were put forward in order to provide reference for the selection， cultivation and maintenance of street trees in Zhengzhou.

Key words Zhengzhou City; Sophora japonica;Growth;Health

國槐（Sophora japonica），蝶形花科落叶大乔木，在我国有3 000余年的栽培历史，用途广泛，具有较高的观赏价值和历史文化价值[1]，在河南省各地均有分布。目前已有多个城市把国槐列为主要绿化树种，北京等地还将国槐列为市树。

国槐在8月左右开花，10月左右果成熟[2]，荚果具有很高的药用价值[3]。国槐生长速度较快、干直、冠幅大，茂盛的行道树可在一定程度上改变小气候[4]，能为城市居民提供良好的遮阴场所。国槐易成活，适应性较强，耐干旱，耐瘠薄，对二氧化硫、氯气、氯化氢及有害气体有一定抗性，可吸滞烟尘，抗污染性也较强[5]。利用国槐树体还可以监测环境污染，评价环境质量，进行生物监测[6]，对城市生态环境改善有着重要作用。因此，在城市道路绿化中应用较为广泛。……