张国豪 蔡孔瑜 田艳 陈桂芳 蒲勇 蒲永兰 肖波

摘要 通過拆除硬质铺装和原石板树池，更换根系土壤等复壮保护措施，对重庆市铜梁区龙都路2号院内2株黄葛古树进行复壮保护。为评价古树复壮效果，以光合作用速率、新生梢生长量和叶绿素相对含量（SPAD），并结合树体外部形态变化为评价指标，于2018—2020年进行跟踪调查。结果表明，2株古树生长势有明显改善。复壮后，2株黄葛古树CO2日同化量均呈持续增长趋势，增幅在72.58%～141.87%;2株古树新生梢枝条长度、叶片数量、干物质量、叶面积以及SPAD均显著增加。在跟踪调查期间，叶片未出现提前落叶、枝条干枯等现象，树体生长势趋于正常水平。根际土壤改良是直接有效的古树复壮保护方法，能从根本上改善古树生产效能，提高叶片光合速率、SPAD和新梢生长量等表征生长能力指标，这些指标可对古树复壮效果作出指示性评价。

关键词 古树;复壮保护;土壤改良;光合作用;生长量

中图分类号 S-156  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）12-0103-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.026

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

The Evaluation on Soil Improvement and Rejuvenation Effect of the Ancient Trees—Taking Ancient Ficus virens in Tongliang District of Chongqing as an Example

ZHANG Guo hao1，2，CAI Kong yu1，TIAN Yan1 et al （1.Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology，Protection and Restoration in Three Gorges Reservoir Region，Forestry Academy of Chongqing，Chongqing 400036;2.Chongqing Mountain Type Urban Forest Ecosystem National Posotioning Observatory and Research Station，Chongqing 400036）

Abstract Two ancient trees of Ficus virens Ait.var.sublanceolata （Miq.） Corner were rejuvenated and protected by removing hard pavement，original slate tree pool and changing root soil. To evaluate the rejuvenation effect of ancient trees，this study took photosynthetic rate，growth of new shoots and relative chlorophyll content （SPAD），and combined with the external morphological changes of trees as evaluation indexes to conduct follow up investigation from 2018-2020. The results showed that the growth potential of the two ancient trees had been significantly improved.After rejuvenation，the daily CO2 assimilation amount of the two ancient trees showed a trend of continuous increase，ranging from 72.58% to 141.87%.The length of new shoots，the number of leaves，the dry matter mass，the leaf area and SPAD of the two ancient trees increased significantly.During the follow up investigation，there were no early deciduous leaves or dried branches，and the growth potential of the trees tended to a normal level.Rhizosphere soil improvement is a direct and effective method for rejuvenation of ancient trees.It can fundamentally improve the production efficiency of ancient trees，improve the photosynthetic rate of leaves，relative content of chlorophyll and growth of new shoots，which can make an indicative evaluation for the rejuvenation effect of ancient trees.

Key words Ancient trees;Rejuvenation;Soil amelioration;Photosynthesis;Increment

黄葛树（Ficus virens Ait.var.sublanceolata （Miq.） Corner），重庆市市树，属落叶乔木，喜光和酸性土壤，生长迅速，分布广泛[1-2]。据《重庆市第二次古树名木资源普查》结果，全市现存9 392株黄葛古树，占古树总量的36.6%。通过对重庆北碚、城口和丰都等19个区县11 896株古树生长状态进行汇总分析，发现自然和人为原因是导致古树衰弱、濒危的主要因素，包括自然衰老、立地条件变差、病虫草侵害、工程建设、人为破坏、风灾、移植、雷击和雪灾霜冻等。

重庆市铜梁区龙都路50号院内现存2株黄葛古树，据历史文献记载，该古树栽植于1832年，曾见证了铜梁地区人类社会发展和历史自然的变迁，是铜梁历史文化底蕴的象征。……