柳毅 王成华 薛海明 刘宇嘉

摘要 为科学评判不同鸟类的鸟撞风险，于2019年9月至2020年8月采用固定半径样点法和样带法对银川河东国际机场鸟类进行调查，共记录到鸟类55种，隶属13目27科，其中夏候鸟25种、留鸟20种、旅鸟8种、冬候鸟2种。选取鸟类的遇见频度、集群规模、年网捕数量、体重、生活习性、鸟击历史等风险因素进行鸟击风险评价，结果表明严重危险的鸟类有家鸽、喜鹊、麻雀、普通楼燕、家燕、凤头百灵和红隼7种。基于上述研究结果，对银川河东机场的鸟击防范工作提出了综合防治建议。

关键词 鸟击;风险评估;鸟击防范;银川河东国际机场

中图分类号 Q-958  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）12-0084-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.022

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on the Risk Assessment and Prevention of Bird Strike in Hedong International Airport of Yinchuan City

LIU Yi，WANG Cheng hua，XUE Hai ming et al

（Operation Management Department，Yinchuan Hedong International Airport，Yinchuan，Ningxia 750001）

Abstract To scientifically judge the bird strike risk of different birds， the birds at Yinchuan Hedong International Airport were investigated by using a fixed radius sampling point method and line transect method from September 2019 to August 2020. According to the survey results， 55 bird species were recorded， belonging to 27 families of 13 orders. They included 25 summer migrant species，20 resident species，8 passing migrant species and 2 winter migrant species. The bird strike risk assessment was made from the encounter frequency， cluster size， annual net catches， body weight，  life habits， birdstrike history of bird and other risk factors. The results showed that there were 7 species of serious threat birds，including Columba domestica，Pica pica，Passer montanus，Apus apus，Hirundo rustica，Galerida cristata and Falco tinnunculus. Based on the above research results，some strategies and suggestions were proposed for bird strike prevention at Yinchuan Hedong Airport.

Key words Bird strike;Risk assessment;Bird strike prevention;Yinchuan Hedong International Airport

鸟击（bird strike）又称鸟撞，指航空器在起飞、飞行或降落过程中被鸟类、蝙蝠等空中飞翔的动物撞击，造成航空器发生飞行安全事故或事故征候[1]。近几年，鸟击作为严重威胁航空器飞行安全的主要因素，一直是民航第一大事故征候类型，国际航空联合会（FAI）也已将鸟击事故升级为“A”類航空灾难。研究表明，鸟击事件多发生在航空器起飞、爬升、进近和着陆等低高度区域，因此机场飞行区及其附近地区是鸟击防范的重点关注区域[2-4]。通过对机场及其周边活动的鸟类进行鸟击威胁评估，量化鸟类对航空器安全运行的影响，对于提高机场鸟击防范工作的针对性和有效性具有重要意义。目前，国外许多机构学者已对鸟类危险评估进行了大量研究[5-9]。与此同时，近年……