王正阳 黄松茂 何琳剑 张铭枭 赵玉娇 彭军 孔令富

摘要 為了解新建元江县跨江大桥对水生生物的影响，对新建元江县跨江大桥段位于元江鲤国家级水产种质资源保护区范围内进行水生生物调查。参照《内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册》，采用实地捕捞、市场调查、走访了解等方法进行水生生物的调查研究。结果表明：该江段河水水质处于地表水标准Ⅳ类，水生生物的种类和数量较多，生物量较高。4个采样点共采集到水生藻类6门48种，以绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻为主，其中硅藻种类最多，绿藻生物量最大。采集浮游动物4大类18种，其中原生动物种类最多，枝角类生物量最大。采集到底栖动物3门11种，其中软体动物种数最多，节肢动物门次之。采集到的水生维管束植物9种。鱼类共调查到20种，以鲤形目最多，鲇形目次之。此次调查结果可为评价大桥施工期和运营期对保护区水生生物的影响提供依据，并协助制定科学有效的水生态保护补偿措施。

关键词 水生生物;水质状况;鱼类资源;调查;评价;新建元江县跨江大桥

中图分类号 Q-17  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）12-0074-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.020

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Investigation and Evaluation of Aquatic Biological Resources in the Newly Built River spanning Bridge in Yuanjiang County

WANG Zheng yang1，HUANG Song mao1，HE Lin jian2 et al （1.Institute of Animal Science and Technology，Yunnan Agricultural University，Kunming，Yunnan 650201;2.Key Laboratory of Plateau Fishery Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization，Yunnan University，Kunming，Yunnan 650201）

Abstract In order to understand the impact of the Newly Built River spanning Bridge in Yuanjiang County on aquatic organisms，aquatic organisms surveys were conducted on the Newly Built River spanning Bridge in Yuanjiang County located in the Yuanjiang Carp National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Protection Zone.Refer to “Manual for Investigation of Natural Resources of Fisheries in Inland Waters”，use methods such as on site fishing，market surveys，and visits to investigate and study aquatic organisms.The results showed that the water quality of the river in this section was in Grade IV of the surface water standard.There were many types and quantities of aquatic organisms，and the biomass was relatively high.A total of 48 species of 6 phyla of aquatic algae were collected from 4 sampling points，mainly green algae，cyanobacteria and diatoms.Among them，the species of diatoms were the most，and the biomass of green algae was the largest.18 species of zooplankton were collected in 4 major categories，among which protozoa had the most species and cladocerans had the largest biomass.We collected 11 species of benthic animals in 3 phyla，among whichmolluscs had the most species，followed by arthropods.We collected 9 kinds of aquatic vascular plants.A total of 20 species of fish had been investigated，of which cypriniformes were the most numerous，followed by siluriformes.The results of this survey can be used to provide a basis for evaluating the impact of the bridge on the aquatic organisms in the protected area during the construction and operation period of the bridge，and to assist in formulating scientific and effective compensation measures for water ecological protection.

Key words Aquatic organisms;Water quality status;Fish resources;Survey;Evaluation;Newly Built River spanning Bridge in Yuanjiang County

元江跨江大桥位于玉溪市元江县，拟建为涉水工程，涉水面积约为128 m2。该大桥的建设目的是连接东西两岸，优化该县的交通，工程属于民生工程。玉溪市元江县属红河水系，红河上游元江，元江县城段最大流量1 900 m3/s，最小流量3.5 m3/s，平均流量167 m3/s，河水流量受降雨制約，动态变化大，水流湍急，无航运之利[1-5]。……