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丹东地区不同品种软枣猕猴桃需冷量研究

2021-07-16常婧张利萍姜冬潘丕克

安徽农业科学 2021年12期

常婧 张利萍 姜冬 潘丕克

摘要 以丹东地区主要栽培的7份软枣猕猴桃资源为试材,采用田间自然收集枝条和一次采集枝条放于人工控制低温(4  ℃)2种不同方式进行需冷量计算,研究其在不同方法下的需冷量差异。结果表明,不同低温处理方式对萌芽的影响结果不一致,在室内人工低温条件下软枣猕猴桃的需冷量在480~912 H ,在自然条件3种不同的计算方法下软枣猕猴桃的需冷量分别为246~491、545~1 744、363~480.5 C.U,且人工条件下龙成2号和丹凤一号的需冷量均低于自然条件下,而海佳和见丰魁绿高于自然条件下。

关键词 软枣猕猴桃;需冷量;萌芽率

中图分类号 S-663.4  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2021)12-0040-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.012

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Study on Cooling Requirements of Different Varieties of Kiwifruit in Dandong Area

CHANG  Jing, ZHANG Li ping,JIANG Dong et al (Liaoning Institute of Forest Management, Dandong, Liaoning 118002)

Abstract In this study, the cooling requirements of 7 main cultivated kiwifruit in Dandong area were calculated by two different methods: natural field collection of branches and one time collection of branches placed at artificially controlled low temperature (4 ℃). The cooling requirements were studied under different methods. The results showed that the effects of different low temperature treatments on germination were not consistent. Under the indoor artificial low temperature conditions, the cooling requirements ranged from 480 H to 912 H. Under the natural conditions, the cooling requirements were 246-491, 545-1 744 and 363-480.5 C.U, respectively. In addition, the cooling requirements of Longcheng 2 and Danfeng 1 under artificial conditions were lower than those under natural conditions, while those of Haijia and Jianfengkui were higher than those under natural conditions.

Key words Kiwifruit;Cooling requirement;Germination rate

软枣猕猴桃(Actintdia.arguta Sieb.et Zucc),是猕猴桃科猕猴桃属落叶藤本果树[1],近年来随着人们对其营养价值和经济价值的不断认识,软枣猕猴桃在水果市场占据重要地位,同时其栽培面积和引种范围不断增加[2]。然而落叶果树的休眠芽必须经历一段时间的低温积累才能打破休眠,若未能达到其需冷量的要求必然会影响其植株的发育,还会引起萌芽率低和开花延迟等现象,而过早地满足其需冷量会出现开花过早而遭早春冻害等问题[3]。

近年来越来越多的研究者对不同物种和不同品种果树的需冷量进行研究,为不同果树品种的设施栽培和引种提供科学依据。高东升等[4]认为大部分果树的低温累积在200~1 500 H,陈登文等[5]对39个杏品种进行了需冷量的研究,结果表明,其需冷量在440~770 H,刘聪利等[6]利用0~7.2 ℃模型研究了66个樱桃品种的需冷量,认为其在516~852 H。……

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