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不同品种和密度下饲用油菜盛花期营养元素的分配

2021-07-16王灵敏张瑀茜程凯乐梅泽宇张悦薇高山

安徽农业科学 2021年12期

王灵敏 张瑀茜 程凯乐 梅泽宇 张悦薇 高山

摘要 为探究不同品种下种植密度对油菜地上部营养器官内营养元素的影响,以华油杂62和饲油2号品种油菜为对象,在生育期取其地上部营养器官,测定B、Ca、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Mo、P、S、Zn等营养元素含量。结果表明,在试验密度内(30万~90万株/hm2),通过改变密度最大可增加华油杂62品种内各元素含量33.21%、16.00%、27.45%、68.58%、27.27%、32.86%、25.51%、54.73%、43.94%、31.82%和25.54%;可增加饲油2号品种内各元素含量7.26%、23.22%、49.01%、22.19%、34.48%、31.83%、23.36%、41.65%、96.13%、12.06%、45.47%;密度对华油杂62和饲油2号品种B、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、P、Zn等元素含量均存在显著差异;华油杂62品种最优种植密度为90万株/hm2,饲油2号的最优种植密度为45万株/hm2。

关键词 油菜;品种;密度;营养元素

中图分类号 S-634.3  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2021)12-0019-05

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.12.006

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Nutrient Distribution of Oilseed Rape during Flowering under Different Varieties and Densities

WANG Ling min,ZHANG Yun xi,CHENG Kai le et al (College of Plant Science,Tarim University,Alar,Xinjiang 843300)

Abstract In order to investigate the effects of planting density on the nutritional elements in the upper nutritional organs of different varieties of oilseed rape,we detected the contents of B,Ca,Cu,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Mo,P,S,Zn and other nutritional elements in the aboveground nutritional organs of Huayouza 62 and Siyou 2. Results showed that in the test density (300 000-900,000 plants/hm2),changing the density could increase the content of each element in the Huayouza 61  by 33.21%,16.00%,27.45%,68.58%,27.27%,32.86%,25.51%,54.73%, 43.94%,31.82% and 25.54%; and it could increase the content of each element in the Siyou 2 by 7.26%,23.22%, 49.01%,22.19%,34.48%,31.83%,23.36%,41.65%,96.13%,12.06%,45.47%,respectively. Densities of B,Cu,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,P,Zn and other elements of Huayouza 62 and Siyou 2 were significantly different. The optimal planting density of Huayouza 62 was 900,000 plants/hm2,and the optimal planting density of Siyou 2 was 450,000 plants/hm2.

Key words Oilseed rape;Variety;Density;Nutrient

油菜是我國最大的油料作物,种植规模逐渐扩大,同时我国也是油料消费大国,随着人口的增加和消费水平的提高,对油料的需求量也在扩大,在提高产量的同时对品质的要求也逐步提升[1-3]。油菜的高产栽培技术着重于生长发育过程中大量元素(N、P、K)的应用和吸收,对微量元素的研究并不多,造成了作物营养供应的不平衡性,影响作物的品质,甚至影响到环境问题和粮食安全问题[4-7]。在印度印度洋-甘冈平原(IGP)的肥沃地区,因采用了不合理的农业实践和集约化种植,导致微量营养素的缺乏;不合理施用氮、磷、钾肥,较少使用有机肥和肥料,不良的农田残留管理和集约化种植造成了养分负平衡和微量营养素的缺乏。其中,锌(Zn)的缺乏仅次于P和N,特别是在高pH的劣质水灌溉土壤中,而铁(Fe)、硼(B)、锰(Mn)和钼(Mo)的缺乏在水稻-小麦种植系统中也有报道[8]。……

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